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听力原文：M: Has Cecilia been working hard on the term paper？
W: Day in and day out!
Q: What does the woman say about Cecilia？
(18)
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： What is cloning？ Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single "parent", by passing the normal reproductive process. The clone has the same DNA as the parent.
The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts it in a hollowed-out egg. Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with the egg and develop into an embryo. This technique is called nuclear transfer.
The first cloned animal in human history is a sheep called Dolly. It is very important because it was the first mammal to be cloned using DNA taken from an adult cell. Previously, animals had only been cloned using embryo cells, which already have the potential to become a complete embryo in its own right. The big breakthrough with Doily was to make a clone from an ordinary, adult cell.
When it comes to the question of whether cloned animals are normal and healthy, the answer is YES. Doily is, but scientists do not yet know whether this is the exception or the rule. Some early evidence suggests that clones may have health problems and that they may age prematurely.
With the birth of Dolly, many people are worried that a human clone may be born soon. It's possible in theory. But the technology of reproductive cloning is still in its very early stages and there is much that scientist do not understand. That's more, human cloning is already banned by law in the United Kingdom. The former President of the United States Bill Clinton proposed banning research in to producing human clones in the US for five years. Some measures have also been taken to establish international agreements banning live human clones.
(27)
A．and thaB．as forC．whereasD．on the contrary
听力原文：M: I think that intermarriage is a good idea. After all, we are living in a cosmopolitan country. We have so many different races living together peacefully, don't we？ It is nothing new to us, and I feel that intermarriage will work out.
W: Personally, I feel that it is not a very sound idea. It is difficult for two people of entirely different religions to live and share a life together. They will face so many problems that it would be better if they don't get married in the first place. M: Of course there will be problems. Even two people of the same religion have problems. It is the same in this case, except that it will be slightly more difficult, I guess.
W: I agree with you, Henry. Naturally, there will be arguments and personal differences. Marriage thrives on a give-and-take policy, so a couple will have to learn to adapt to each other's customs and traditions.
M: That's right. Married people should be more tolerant towards each other and be willing to learn a bout each other's religion. Only then can understanding and acceptance be achieved ultimately.
W: You talk as if it were very simple. It isn't, you know. I should know, as I am a child of a mixed marriage.
M: All right, you tell us why it is not such a good idea.
W: You see, Henry, it depends on the individuals concerned. If two people of different religions marry, they should be prepared for the consequences. It is only after marriage that the vast differences in the cultures begin to show. Little things, from food and clothes to bigger aspects like religious beliefs, tend to clash, leading eventually to a rift. Besides, this will be either personal pride or the reluctance to accept the other's views. It may lead to a big gap between the parents, and their children may suffer a lot in between.
M: You have a point there, but I can also tell you of several such couples who are living happily together.
W: I suppose that you are right. Intermarriage can lead to happiness or sorrow, depending on how it is handled.
(33)
Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era(1790—1830), Americans continued as in colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.
River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to eastern sea ports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchants of the east were completely satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.
New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the way of action by the federal government, and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.
New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the Appalachian Mountain chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal, begun in 1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.
The range of the New York canal system was still further extended then the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.
What does the passage suggest was the principal route for transporting crops to the east prior to 12？
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