Thestructureandfunctionofthetectumlocatedinthemidbrainare:
A. Themostposteriorpartofthemidbrain,knownasthetectum,containstwopairsofroundedprojections:thesuperior&inferiorcolliculi.
B. The superior colliculi contain many nuclei involved in controlling the eye to produce vision, including focusing, scanning, and blinking; nerve signals that control the eye are carried by the oculomotor nerve, whose roots arise in the superior colliculi.
C. Theinferiorcolliculiplayasimilarroleforthesenseofhearingbyformingrelaysforauditorypathwaystothecerebrum.
D. Auditoryreflexes,suchasthestartlereflexinresponsetoloudsounds,areprocessedintheinferiorcolliculi.
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The human midbrain contains a limbic system, which is comprised of 4 regions:
A. amygdala
B. hippocampus
C. cingulate gyrus
D. mammillary bodies
Thelimbicsysteminthehumanmidbrainhasthefollowingphysiologicalfunctions:
A. regulationofbodytemperature&hormones
B. establishinglong-termmemory
C. controlofwakefulness&sleepcycles
D. controlofemotionalresponse
Thephysiologicalfunctionsofthethalamusare:
A. Thethalamusprocesses&transmitsmovement&sensoryinformation,anditisessentiallyarelaystation,takinginsensoryinformation&thenpassingitontothecerebralcortex.
B. Itregulatesthebody'svoluntarymotorcontrol,consciousness&itssleep/wakecycle.Italsoregulatesthesensesofsight,sound,taste,touch&thesenseofwheretheperson'sbodyisinspace.
C. Damagetothissystemcanputapersonatriskforirreversiblecoma.Aninheritedconditioncausesthethalamustodegradeovertime,leadingtoinsomniathatcanprovefatal.
D. Thethalamusmayalsobeinvolvedintheregulationofsometypesofmemory.
Thephysiologicalfunctionsof the hypothalamusinclude:
A. Thehypothalamuscontainsmanysmallnuclei&fibertracts.Thetwomajornucleiarethesupraoptic¶ventricularnuclei.Thecellsinthesetwonucleisecretethehormonesvasopressin,oxytocin,antidiuretichormone,&corticotrophin-releasinghormone.Thesehormonesstimulateorinhibitthesecretionofpituitaryhormones.
B. Thehypothalamusplaysapartinmaintaininghomeostasisinthebody,regulatingsuchthingsastemperaturecontrol,bloodpressure&respiration.
C. Thehypothalamusisalsoinvolvedinthecontrolofautonomicfunctions&motorfunctions.
D. Itcontrolshunger&thirst,&theintakeoffood&water.Italsoregulatesfatigue&sleep&wakecycles,aswellascontrollingdefensivebehaviors.
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