题目内容
In many parts of the world cars play an essential role in daily life and many societies would cease to function without them. So, tile claim that in 20 years' time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is tile prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by governments but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the U. K. is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized which will mean gigantic fuel savings, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21 st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davies, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths' than both world wars put together. Davies says, cars will be fitted with intelligent cruise-con-trol devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. Brakes and accelerators will become redundant(多余的) because the car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars and trains will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2010, David Davies maintains, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead onto the car's windscreen. And, by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronically bar to the car in front to form. "road-train". "The front vehicle in such a train," says Davies. "But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the poollution."
We know that governments and car manufacturers______.
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When computer crime takes place in a room filled with people, there are usually many witnesses to the crime.
A．One.B．Three.C．Twelve.D．Twenty.
在绩效考核方面，公共部门与私营部门的区别在于它的()
Computer Crime
A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn't mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.
Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe. data bases.
The Criminal
Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage "hackers"--brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e. , an "insider".
Difficulty of Detection and Prevention
Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.
Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for "weapons" or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.
Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company's work or committing a criminal act？
Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer's capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer's potential for misuse.
After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the Weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust.
To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often sett
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