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In ______, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute in California, announced that they had created the first synthetic bacterial genome. They named it Synthia and it was the world's first synthetic life form.

A. 2005
B. 2008
C. 2010
D. 2013

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The majority of research involving genetically modified mammals involves __________ with attempts to produce knockout animals in other mammalian species limited by the inability to derive and stably culture embryonic stem cells.

A. rats
B. mice
C. fish
D. rabbits

The majority of genetically modified animals are used in research to investigate changes in _____________ when specific genes are altered. This can be used to discover the function of an unknown gene, any genetic interactions that occur or where the gene is expressed.

A. genotype
B. phenotype
C. function
D. body size

In ______, the AquAdvantage salmon was approved by the US FDA for commercial production, sale and consumption, making it the first genetically modified animal to be approved for human consumption.

A. 2010
B. 2013
C. 2015
D. 2017

One of the objectives for developing plants based on GM organisms is to improve crop protection. The GM crops currently on the market are mainly aimed at an increased level of crop protection through the introduction of ____________ against plant diseases caused by insects or viruses or through increased tolerance towards herbicides.

A. sensitivity
B. resistance
C. tolerance
D. robustness

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