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Stochastic differentiation refers to thatwhen one stem cell develops into two differentiated daughter cells, another stem cell undergoes mitosis & produces two stem cells identical to the original.
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In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In some organs, such as the gut & bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to repair & replace worn out or damaged tissues. In other organs, however, such as the pancreas & the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions.
Obligatory asymmetric replication refers to that a stem cell divides into one mother cell that is identical to the original stem cell, & another daughter cell that is differentiated.
On Jan 23, 2009, the first Phase I clinical trials for transplantation of oligodendrocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into spinal cord-injured individuals received approval from the US FDA, which is conducted by Asterias Biotherapeutics now.
Becauseoftheircombinedabilitiesofunlimitedexpansion&pluripotency,embryonicstemcells (ESCs) remainatheoreticallypotentialsourceforregenerativemedicineandtissuereplacementafterinjuryordisease.
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