The network layer provides services to the transport layer.It can be based on either (1).In both cases,its main job is (2) packets from the source to the destination.
In network layer,subnets can easily become congested,increasing the delay and (3).
for packets.Network designers attempt to avoid congestion by proper design.Techniques include (4) policy,caching,flowcontrol,and more.
The next step beyond just dealing with congestion is to actually try to achieve a promised quality of service.The methods that can be used for this include buffering at the client,traffic shaping,resource (5),and admission control.Approaches that have been designed for good quality of service include integrated services(including RSVP) ,differentiated services, and MPLS.
(1)
A. virtual circuits or datagrams
B. TCP or UDP
C. TCP or IP
D. IP or ARP
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W: Yes, it was fantastic. Now I know why it is listed together with the Nile River as one of the great natural wonders of the world. Here, want to see the pictures I took?
M: Oh, what a view! It's even bigger than I had imagined. I remember reading about the Grand Caoyon and I think it is said that it was formed suddenly when the earth's crust split open during an earthquake.
W: Well, not that quickly. Look, here is the picture 9f the Colorado River. See way down at the bottom of the canyon. That river and its tributaries have been weaving the canyon floor away for 10 million years.
M: Then the canyon is the result of swell erosion. I'll bet geologists have made some interesting discoveries there.
W: Not only the geologists, archaeologists have found the 5ones of extinct animals in caves in the canyon walls. In a cave one hundred and forty feet above the river, they found driftwood that dates back as far as 37 thousand years.
M: That means the river must have been a hundred and forty feet higher up when it carried the driftwood into the cave.
W: It's very possible, but, of course, who knows? The Grand Canyon is full of mystery. Wouldn't you like to go the Arizona someday?
M: You bet I would.
Where has the woman been?
A. To Colorado.
B. To Arizona.
C. To the Nile River.
D. To the Museum of Natural History.
A.Americanize the restaurants.B.Increase its advertising coverage to the rich.C.Focus
Americanize the restaurants.
B. Increase its advertising coverage to the rich.
C. Focus its niche market on Sunday evening meal.
D. Explore its potential market among teenagers.
Under the new scheme an EEC driver wanting to live and drive a bus/lorry in Britain would
A. had driven a bus/lorry until recently
B. had driven a bus/lorry in their country
C. had recently driven a bus/lorry
D. had previously owned a bus/lorry
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
(12)
A. Proceed in his own way.
B. Stick to the original plan.
Compromise with his colleague.
D. Try to change his colleague's mind.