题目内容
The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found new urgency following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, sparking debate over striking the correct balance between protecting civil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragic terrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is of paramount importance, privacy rights should not be deemed irrelevant.
In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passed legislation that included provisions expanding rights of investigators to intercept wire, oral and electronic communications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civil liberties groups expressed concerns over the provisions and urged caution in ensuring that efforts to protect our nation do not result in broad government authority to erode privacy rights of U. S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing further concern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justice proposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct. 30, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved an interim agency rule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitor wire and electronic communications between lawyers and their clients in federal custody, including those who have been detained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillance is deemed necessary to prevent violence or terrorism.
In light of this broadening effort to reach into communications that were previously believed to be "off-limits" , the issue of online privacy is now an even more pressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative steps toward ensuring online privacy, including the Children' s Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacy protections for certain sectors through legislation such as the Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislation passed to date does not, however, provide a statutory scheme for protecting general online consumer privacy. Lacking definitive federal law, some states passed their own measures. But much of this legislation is incomplete or not enforced. Moreover, it becomes unworkable when states create different privacy standards; the Internet does not know geographic boundaries, and companies and individuals cannot be expected to comply with differing, and at times conflicting, privacy rules.
An analysis earlier this year of 751 U. S. and international Web sites conducted by Consumers International found that most sites collect personal information but fail to tell consumers how that data will be used, how security is maintained and what rights consumers have over their own information.
At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiring Web sites to display privacy policies prominently, inform. consumers of the methods employed to collect client data, allow customers to opt out of such data collection, and provide customer access to their own data that has already been collected. Although various Internet privacy bills were introduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted to expanding government surveillance in the wake of the terrorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to prevent terrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circumstances change the nature of the online privacy debate is still to be seen.
Concerning the protection of privacy and increased surveillance of communication, the author seems to insist on______.
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PART C
Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： Weather is basically the way that the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities. Perhaps it is hot, dry and sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is cloudy, rainy or even snowy. We will change our clothes into shorts in the hot sunny day, while we often choose to stay indoors or change a jacket when it is cold and cloudy outside. Weather is like a naughty boy. It changes from day to day and from place to place. The weather forecast will tell us the condition of weather in advance. We needn't to be worried about what to wear next day.
Compared with weather, climate is much like an elder sister. It is more stable. It describes the weather condition of a particular graphic area over a specified time. Climate tells us what it is usually like in the place we live. It is the result of many physical actions on land, in the atmosphere, in the oceans and in space. They usually change slowly over hundreds of years. With the computer programs, the scientists can detect how the climate changes in years ahead. Data shows the earth has warmed about 1 centigrade in the past 100 years, and the temperature still continues to rise as the result of the greenhouse gases the human beings produce in the atmosphere. Some scientists predict that global warming caused by the greenhouse effect would cause more natural disasters like droughts and floods. So the study of climate is the same important as that of weather, because it also has large influence on people's life.
Questions:
11. What is the meaning of "a naughty boy" in this passage？
12. Which of the following is true for climate according to the passage？
13. Which of the following actions cannot influence climate？
(11)
2,12,42,162,()。
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