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A．uniqueB．specificC．complicatedD．Peculiar
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It is necessary to make clear to the boss______________
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Oceanography
Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea．
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few．Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental(大陆间的) travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface．The first time that the question “what is at the bottom of the oceans？” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed．The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter．In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测水深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans．Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable．At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered with living creatures, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way．In 1872, Thomson led a scientific
expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
第 41 题 We can infer from the passage that the telegraph cable was built mainly for____.
根据材料请回答 41～45
Stricter Traffic Law Can Prevent Accidents
From the point of view of health we are living in a marvelous age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases.A large number of once fatal ill- nesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery.It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases.The life expectancy(平均寿命) has increased enormously.-But though the possibility of living a long life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of people on the roads.Man versus(对顶，对抗)the car (人车对抗) ！ It is a never-ending battle which man is los- ing.Thousands of people in the .world are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality.There is no doubt that the.car often brings out a man's worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel.They are furious, ill-mannered and aggressive.All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly(仁慈地，良性地)on, the motor-ist and seems to condone(宽容)his behavior.Everything is done for his convenience.Cit-ies are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of.heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is destroyed by road networks; and the mass an-nual slaughter becomes, nothing more than a statistic, to be soon forgotten.
It is high time to reduce this senseless waste of human life.With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax.A code(法规)which was universally accept-ed could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few ex-amples of some of the things that might be done.The driving test should be made far more difficult than it is； all the drivers should take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent(严格的)annual tests for safety.Present drinking and driving laws should be much stricter.Governments should lay down safety specifications for manu-facturers, as has been done in the USA．All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life.
After all, the world is for human beings, not for cars.
第 41 题 The main idea of this passage is________.
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