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Father Factor in Workplace
Successes or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had,Stephan Poulter argues in a new book, who is a clinical psychologist and also works with adolescents in Los Angeles area schools.
Stephan Poulter lists five styles of fathers: super-achieving, time bomb, passive, absent,compassionate and mentor as well who have powerful influences on the careers of their sons and daughters.
Styles of fathering can affect whether their children get along with others at work, have an entrepreneurial spirit, worry too much about their career, bum out or become the boss, Poulter writes.
Children of the "time-bomb" father, for example, who explodes in anger at his family, learn how to read people and their moods. Those intuitive abilities make them good at such jobs as personnel managers or negotiators, he writes. But those same children may have trouble feeling safe and developing trust, said Poulter.
Even absent fathers affect how their children work, he writes, by instilling feelings of rejection and abandonment. Those children may be overachievers, becoming the person their father never was, or develop such anger toward supervisors or authority figures that they work best when they are self-employed, he writes.
"The father&39;s influence in the workplace is really one of the best-kept secrets," Poulter said.
The Father Factor is set for release next month by Prometheus Books. Looking at the influence of fathers fits with other recent research on workplace behaviour, said William Pollack, a psychology professor and director of the Centres for Men and Young Men at McLean Hospital, part of Harvard Medical School.
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Moderate Earthquake Strikes England
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.
"It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.
The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.
"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." Said Hendrick van Eck,27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London." I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."
There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.
The country&39;s strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 193 l, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.
The biggest earthquake took place in Britain__________. 查看材料
Teaching Is "One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK"
(1) The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers, Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would "seriously consider" teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
(2) The main drawback of secondary teaching according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners,24, is a good example: "I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher -- but when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isn&39;t very lucrative(赚钱的) job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher."
(3) It&39;s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don&39;t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here&39;s the view of Dave Hallam, an account from London, "I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers,"
(4)"I love teaching; it&39;s my passion. I&39;ve been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although it&39;s a very demanding job, it&39;s very satisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud," says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers, "I find that I always have too much work to do."
(5) The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers&39; pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. "Hopefully," the report concludes, "these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future."
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1.我国是世界第二草原大国，天然草原约占国土总面积的40%。作为我国陆地生态安全的重要屏障，草原在调节气候、涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。我国的草地占国土总面积的40%左右，是现有农田的3 倍，畜牧业发展潜力很大。草是农、林、牧三者之间的纽带，应该充分利用这些自然和资源条件，发展草业和畜牧业，形成新的农业生产结构体系。这也是弥补这些地区耕地少和减轻农田压力的有效措施。牧区开展现代化草业生产，是一项包括种植、畜牧、养殖业在内的综合性事业，也是知识密集型的产业。所以牧区发展现代化草业，将会形成符合生态规律的牧业生产新体系，保护和促进草原生态系统的恢复和发展。
然而，时至今日，退化呈快速蔓延趋势。我国草原却呈快速消失之势。在我国近4 亿公顷的天然草原中，目前约有90%的可利用草原出现不同程度的退化，并且以每年200 万公顷的面积扩张。近年来，我国北方干旱地区草地减少5.49 万平方公里，其中覆盖度在5%一20%的地区明显减少，草原退化、沙化形势堪忧。据资料显示，6C 年代中后期退化加速; 到80年代退化面积达37555 万亩，占可利用草地面积的39.37%; 到90 年代末，草地退化面积达草地总面积的73%。
农业部遥感技术应用中心的监测和调查结果显示，上世纪80 年代以来，北方主要草原分布区的产草量均呈下降趋势，平均降幅为17.6%，荒漠草原产草量降幅最大，在40%左右，典型草原的下降幅度也达20%。内蒙古、宁夏、新疆、青海和甘肃等传统牧区产草量下降幅度最大，牧草质量变劣，毒害草增多，不可食草和毒草逐渐取代优良牧草成为群落优势种。大面积的草地正失去利用价值，如云南、四川两省的一些草地近年来受不可食草紫荆泽兰的侵入，并逐步取代了原来的草地植被，使草地失去利用价值。
2.内蒙古草原以水草丰美著称于世。但由于自然和人为因素的共同作用，草原造成草地质量下降。主要表现在莫群中优良牧草的种类和数量大幅度减少，有毒有害及不可食的植物种类和数量增多.莫群平均高度和覆盖度下降，草原的单位面积产草量大幅度降低。根据内蒙古草勘院资料，50 年代内蒙古草原平均产草量为127 公斤/亩，到80年代为71.25 公斤/亩，3C 年来平均下降45.08%。本世纪初草原载畜能力平均27.79 亩/羊单位，与j8C 年代相比下降38.03%，与6C 年代相比下降55.19%。
据统计，本世纪初内蒙古荒漠化土地面积达6224 万公顷，占全区土地总面积的52.6%;沙化土地面积4t59 万公顷，占全区土地总面积的35.1%。草原生态环境变劣，土地荒漠化和沙漠化使地表失去了绿色植被的覆盖，导致地下水位下降，大气降水减少。与5C 年代相比，通辽市降水减少102 毫米，锡林浩特市减少84 毫米，巴音浩特减少59 毫米，而年平均气温分别上升1度、1.4 度和0.9 度。由于大气干旱，降水减少，气候干燥造成河水断流，湖泊缩减或干涸。与80 年代相比河流水量减少三分之一。呼伦贝尔草原上的克鲁伦河2007年主汛期出现断流，乌尔逊河至下游断流干涸，著名的达赉湖(呼伦湖)水面缩减500 平方公里，水位下降4 米以上，周边小型湖泊80%干涸，周围近300 平方公里的湿地消失，湖底泥沙裸露并严重威胁着湖边的草原。
草原退化、植被覆盖度下降，稀疏的植被减少了对二氧化碳的吸收能力，增强了大气的温室效应，使草地调节气候、防风固沙、保持水土、净化空气的功能明显减退，大大降低了草原的生态功能。受草原生态环境变劣的影响,内蒙古地区有些动植物物种正在消失或减少。如草原上优良牧草中的羊草、黄花苜蓿、山厘豆等数量锐减; 药用价值较高的内蒙古黄芪、草麻黄也在明显减少。又如阿拉善地区梭林已由50年113.3 万公顷减少到目前的38.6 万公顷，额济纳旗的胡杨林也由5 万公顷减少到2.95 万公顷。绿色植物的减少，必然导致动物种类的衰败和减少。野马已在草原上消失，野岩羊、青羊、野骆驼数量锐减。
长期以来，内蒙古草原畜牧业的增长不顾草原承载力过分依赖牲畜头数的增加，致使草原严重透支，人口和牲畜超载，致使草原畜牧业维系困难，牧区和广大牧民正面临生产和生活方式转变的严峻挑战。据自治区农牧业经管站统计，近几年我区牧民人均纯收入的增速落后农民增速，目前有不少牧民负债经营。草原畜牧业、牧区和牧民等“三牧”问题突出。
3.草原生态系统是由草原地区生物(植物、动物、微生物)和草原地区非生物环境构成的，进行物质循环与能量交换的基本机能单位。草原生态系统在其结构、功能过程等方面与森林生态系统、农田生态系统具有完全不同的特点，它不仅是重要的畜牧业生产基地，而且是重要的生态屏障。
在黄河上游地区本应是有很多大草原的。例如源头的青藏高寒草原，上游的甘肃甘南草原，以及盛名远扬的内蒙古大草原等。“敕勒川，阴山下，天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”描绘的就是这一地区曾经有过的草原盛景。然而如今却是另外一番景象。某知名记者在赴黄河上游采访前虽对草原生态环境恶化的严重程度早有所闻，准备好了要用惨不忍睹、触目惊心等词汇对其进行描绘。可是当真正站到了这片曾经被称之为草原的土地上，才发现无论什么样的表述在如此严酷的现实面前都显得太轻描淡写，苍白无力。
据知情人士介绍，在很多地区，新增农田的来源常常就是草原。草原遭到破坏的最大罪魁也就是新增农田。当年的向草原要粮，内蒙古大约有66.7 万公顷的草场被开垦为农田，但由于缺水和沙化荒废了2/3,剩下的1/3 也十分贫瘠，收获寥寥无几。这历史的经验教训难道还不足以引起人们警醒。
我国草原生态系统遭受破坏的主要原因之一就是长期以来缺乏科学的、有效的管理措施J心 而我国迄今为止，大部分草原还是处于“牧草自生自灭”和“靠天养畜”的落后状态。
加强草原生态基础理论如载畜能力、牧业生产最佳方式以及科学管理技术的研究，是草原生态系统保护对策中应首先引起重视的问题。包括改革某些落后的经营方针，实行适度放物、V以草定畜、推行季节牧业以减轻草场压力，给牧草提供休养生息的时机以及其他可使草原植被得以恢复和发展的各种措施，实行科学化管理方式。
20 世纪末国家开始重视草原生态，实施了诸多的草原保护与植被重建工程、放牧家畜改良与管理工程等，在局部区域取得一定效果，但生态工程建设与农牧民利益及区域发展如何协调，一直没有得到有效解决。发展经济，破坏了生态; 保护生态，影响了农牧民利益，也限制了区域发展，使得草原发展陷入两难境地。
因此，不能不让人想到，为什么关于保护草地的问题，年年都在呼吁，各地年年都在表态要拿出具体的治理措施，而且年年都有新成绩，但草地生态状况恶化程度仍一年一年在加剧。一位草原生态学家痛心地说，建国以来，我们在草原问题上有很多重大失误: 只顾鼓励大力发展牧业生产，使草原牲畜头数迅速增加，却忽略了应有相应的科学管理; 只单方面重视发展农业，提出向草地要粮，盲目毁草开荒，使很多优质草场沦为农田，又废弃为荒漠。建国以后，虽然国家对草原牧区建设曾出台过一系列方针政策。然而，到现在却一直只是在纸面上作为一种符号形式保存在那里。在黄河流域地区，草原不但没有得到保护，由于盲目开垦，超载放牧等。反而使草地遭到了前所未有的破坏和掠夺。草原是江河流域防风固沙、保持水土、维系生态平衡的极为重要的资源，是数百万蒙、藏、汉、回人民的栖息繁衍之地中华儿女岂能让其如此衰萎、退化下去。
4.由于草原的区域特点和生态地位，已成为全国生态建设的战略性地区，也是世界关注的草原环境热点地区。草原生态环境在很大程度上关系到我国政府对解决环境问题的决心和成败，因此，2011年中央将“草原生态修 复工程”列入国家和 自治区“十二五”发展规划。应当肯定.近年来对草原环境保护工作重视程度日益提高，国家在政策和资金投入方面的力度也明显加强，草原生态建设取得了一些成效。但从整体和长远来看，草原生态建设任务仍然艰巨而繁重
实践证明，生态移民有利于缓解草原压力、改善牧民生活条件，恢复草原生态环境。各地应依据草原生态容量，依托城市和中心城镇的辐射带动优势和吸纳能力，对牧区和半农半牧区内生态脆弱地区、草原严重退化沙化地区，有计划、有步骤、因地制宜地实施生态移民。“草原生态修复工程”，就是对退化草原停止人为干扰，减轻其负荷压力，依靠草原生态系统的自我调节能力和自我恢复能力，辅以必要的人工措施，使遭到破坏的生态系统逐步恢复并逐步走向良性循环发展。“草原生态修复工程”应包括生态移民工程、退牧还草工程、潜在退化沙化草原保护工程和牧业生产新体系工程等子工程项目内容。
要组织全区科技力量，围绕草原生态保护治理和建设的关键问题进行科技攻关，加强草原退化机理、草原生态的演替规律等基础理论和草原生态系统恢复与重建的综合实用技术的研究，力争在草原生态治理的理论和技术上有新的突破。对禁牧地区草场恢复以后，应科学合理利用，长期闲置不用既是资源浪费，同时不利于草场植被更新。对如何合理利用、以什么样经营形式利用禁牧草场这类新问题，应大力宣传和普及草原生态保护和治理方面的科技
知识与实用技术，责成有关部门认真总结各地草原生态治理先进典型和经验，启动草原科技人户工程。加强草原科技推广队伍的建设，改善服务手段，提高服务能力。进一步建立和完善草原生态与灾害的监测预警系统，定期开展草原生态状况调查并对草原生产、生态发展变化进行长期监测.逐步建立起数字化、网络化、智能化的草原生态保护信息系统，为自治区和国家宏观指导草原保护和合理利用提供依据。
5.2011年5 月E 日，财政部、农业部在北京召开草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策实施动员布置会，对内蒙古、新疆、西藏、青海、四川甘肃、宁夏和云南8 个主要草原牧区省(区)及新疆生产建设兵团正式实施草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策进行动员和部署，以推动草原生态加快恢复和草原畜牧业生产方式加快转变，促进牧民持续增收。财政部部长谢旭人、农业部部长韩长赋出席会议并讲话。
谢旭人指出。建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制，是党中央、国务院统筹我国经济社会发展全局做出的重大决策，是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的具体体现。实施草原生态保护补助奖励政策.有利于改善草原生态环境，构建国家生态安全屏障; 有利于推动牧区发展，促进区域协调发展; 有利于维护民族团结牧区稳定，促进和谐社会建设。从2011年起，中央财政每年安排专项资金.用于禁牧补助、草竟平衡奖励、牧民生产性补贴和绩效考核奖励等方面，支持上述8 个主要草原牧区省(区)及新疆生产建设兵团全面建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制。2011年中央财政安排专项资金136 亿元，按照每年每亩6 元的测算标准对禁牧牧民给予禁牧补助; 按照每年每亩1.5 元的测算标准对未超载的牧民给予草畜平衡奖励; 按照每年每亩10 元的标准给予牧草良种补贴; 按照每年每户500 元的标准对牧民生产用柴油、饲草料等生产资料给予补贴; 进一步扩大畜牧良种补贴政策覆盖范围; 对工作突出、成效显著的省份给予绩效考核奖励。
谢旭人强调，草原生态保护事关牧区发展、民族团结与国家生态安全，意义重大，影响沭 匹 。草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策是建国以来在草原生态保护方面安排资金规模最大、覆盖面最广、补贴内容最多的一项政策。为确保资金使用效益，财政部将会同农业部尽快制定草原生态保护补助奖励资金管理办法，规范补助奖励资金的使用和管理。地方各级财政部门要设立补助奖励资金专账，实行分项核算，确保专款专用。补助奖励资金的发放要实行村级公示制，接受群众监督。他要求各级财政部门提高认识、扎实工作，积极配合有关部门推进草原生态保护补助奖励机制稳步实施，切实把这项惠民的好政策办好办扎实。
韩长赋说。目前全国90%的可利用草原不同程度退化，加强草原保护与建设刻不容缓，迫切需要进一步加大投入力度和政策支持力度。要进一步细化措施，坚诀把草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策落到实处，及时制定和报批政策实施方案，科学规划禁牧区，细化落实禁牧和草簧平衡任务，合理确定草原载畜量，把草原承包面积、人工种草面积、牲畜饲养量、牛户数量等各类专业基础数据核实清楚，做好技术保障和管理服务，加强政策宣传引导，确保政策实施不拖延.政策落实不缩水，政策效果不打折。
6.“科学合理地利用草场，既保护生态又富裕群众，这是我们牧民盼望的好政策。”望着茫茫草原,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗锡尼河镇巴彦胡硕嘎查(村)牧民斯木吉德乐说.如今牧民并不想再让牛羊啃食可能好于往年的牧草，期待着业已退化了的草原能够得到更好的休养生息。
2010 年10 月..国务院决定从2011年起到2015 年，在内蒙古、新疆等 8 个主要草原畜牧区全面建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制,中央财政每年拿出130 多亿元，给牧民禁牧补助、草畜平衡奖励、生产性补贴等，以此加强草原生态保护，转变畜牧业发展方式，促进牧民持续增收。
内蒙古拥有13 亿亩天然草原，为加快建立草原生态恢复补偿机制，内蒙古决定继续加大禁牧、休物、轮牧的补偿力度。在生态极度恶化、不适宜人居住的地区以及正在实施长期禁牧的地区，继续实施异地扶贫移民搬迁、边境生态移民和移民扩镇等项目。
锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗赛音锡力嘎查牧民齐木德算了一笔草原补偿账，他们一家6 口人、有1.5 万亩草场，按照国家的禁牧补助标准，在恢复草场的同时每年还可获得7 万多元的补助金。没有落实禁牧政策时，养了五六百只羊，除去饲草料成本，每年纯收入只有4万多元.如今少养羊甚至不养羊反而还划算了许多。“禁牧，我们牧民都赞成!”
目前，在国家建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制的鼓励下，许多牧民借助牧业联合组织、高效益舍饲圈养、移民搬迁等途径，转变传统生产方式发家致富。
7.“十二五”是我国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期，按照中央关于加快建设环境友好型社会、提高生态文明水平的新要求，我国将加大草原生态保护和建设力度，促进草原生态形势的好转。确立生态优先的草原发展战略，强化草原的生态功能，将尽快遏制草原生态整体恶化局面、促进草原生态修复作为今后一个时期草原工作的中心任务。给予草原牧区特殊政策扶持.继续坚持工业反哺农业、城市支持农村和多予少取放活的方针，集中出台有利于草原生态改善、畜牧业生产发展、牧民生活提高的强物惠牧政策。做强做大草原生态工程，进一步扩大退牧还草工程实施范围，大力实施游牧民定居工程，逐步减轻天然草原人口压力和牲畜放牧压力，尽快启动草业良种、草原防灾减灾、草原自然保护区建设、农区草地开发利用、牧区水利等草原生态保护建设工程，全面实施《全国草原保护建设利用总体规划》。完善草原家庭承包经营制度,进一步推进和完善草原家庭承包制,规范草原承包经营权流转，明确使用权，落实承包权，保障收益权，强化草原承包经营管理。
作答要求
根据给定材料1、2，概述当前我国草原面临的生态问题。
要求：概括准确，语言简练，字数不超过300字。
“给定材料3”提到了“草原发展陷入两难境地”，请联系给定材料和现实，谈谈你对这句话的理解。
要求：条理清晰，分析到位，字数不超过250字。
材料4提到了“草原生态修复工程”，请你以政府工作人员的身份，并结合材料4—6，针对如何改善草原生态提出具体的建议和对策。
要求：建议得当，对策有针对性和可行性，语言流畅，不超过350字。
根据材料内容，结合我国实际，以“共创绿色家园”为题，写一篇议论文。
要求：(1)观点正确，主题鲜明，分析合理：
(2)论述深刻，语言流畅;
(3)字数在1000—1200字。
？ For questions 6-10, decide which sector (A-H) of the market each person on the opposite page should consult.
？ For each question, mark the correct letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
？ Do not use any letter more than once.
PRODUCT SECTORS OF HEALTHCARE MARKET
A Vitamins and Dietary Supplements
B Cough, Cold and Allergy Remedies
C Digestive Remedies
D Eye Care
E Wound Treatments
F Adult Mouth Care
G Calming and Sleeping Products
H Smoking Cessation Aids
Kevin Lee is looking for some products to help him quit smoking.
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