题目内容
The underlined phrase "low mortality" in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by“__________ ”. 查看材料
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Based on recent studies made by various scholars， which of the following factors plays a
The underlined phrase "this process" in Paragraph 2 refers to __________process.
请阅读Passage l，完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku， if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade，they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s， experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop， but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly"， says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result， there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process，" Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape， it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits， living conditions， education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems， but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes， high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged，" says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday， the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality，" the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy， says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best——the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality，" he says.
These groups， which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society， can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups， prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations， genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for——but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow，" says Tom， "but we just don"t know."
The purpose of the prediction saying that future generations could be doing Sudoku when they are over 100 is to __________. 查看材料
根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。
阅读所给材料，回答下列三个问题：
（1）这两份材料分别属于哪种语篇类型？（6分）
（2）这两份材料分别适合于哪种课堂教学？说明理由（至少写出两个要点）。（12分）
（3）分析教师选用文本材料时需要考虑的基本要素（至少写出三个要点）。（12分）
材料1
Tom: Hello Alice. I‘m interested in your work saving birds! What do you think is the most difficult part of your work？
Alice: Well ... I suppose it‘s saving wild birds covered in oil. That‘s the most difficult of all.
Tom: How does that happen？
Alice: The oil comes from boats. It floats on the water and covers the bird‘s feathers when they swim through it.
Tom: That sounds terrible. What do you do about it？
Alice: The first thing we do is to make sure the bird hasn‘t tried to clean itself with its beak.
As it does so， the bird eats some oil and becomes sick.
Tom: Oh dear! Do the birds always die？
Alice: Sometimes ... but we try to save them. Birds use their feathers like a raincoat to keep out cold water. When feathers are covered in oil， they stick together and a bird‘s skin gets cold in the water. So without help the bird would die of cold!
材料2
Scientists have discovered that when chimpanzees have stomach pains， typically because of intestinal parasites， they look for a certain plant to eat， Lippea. It is common in the jungles where chimpanzees live， and it contains chemical substances effective against many parasites.
Lippea is not the only natural medicine in the chimpanzees‘ cabinet. They may actually use up to thirty different plants——for different problems. Interestingly， the local people make use of many of the same plants for medical purposes. It is almost certain that chimpanzees discovered these herbal remedies before humans.
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