题目内容
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： There is a great deal of land in the United States, but there are also a great many people. Where did people come from？
The first Americans were Indians (26) . Today there are about 900, 000 American Indians. There is one part of the country with an especially large Indian population. That is the southwest.
Blacks first came to America from Africa as slaves. President Lincoln freed the slaves in 1863. About eleven percent of the present American population are Blacks.
The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands (28) . Soon immigrants began to arrive from many other countries, and they are still arriving. In 1790, the new nation had fewer than four million. Today there are more than 210 million (27) . These include people from all parts of the world.
(27)
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听力原文：W: I've been reading about a new healthful snack food (19) . It's made from fish. Have you heard anything about it？
M: No, I haven't. But I don't like fish very much anyway.
W: Not m worry. Although it’s made primarily from fish, it actually doesn't have a fishy taste. In fact it can be flavored with tomato, cheese, or chocolate for instance.
M: How could it not taste fishy(20) ？ Do you know how this snack food is made？
W: First, the fish is crushed, cooked and fermented, then water and starch are added to make dough.
M: It sounds awful.
W: Actually the dough is tasteless at that point. So the flavorings are added to give it some taste (21) .
M: Well, it still sounds a little strange. But I suppose this product will at least be low calorie and high protein, like a health food.
W: Yes, you could call it that. And it has a long shelf life, so it won't spoil quickly. It is also easy to digest and can be made from types of fish that usually aren't eaten or from high grade fish byproducts.
M: Mm… Have you got any samples？ I might be willing to try the cheese-flavored variety.
W: No. None of these seems to be available yet. As I understand it, this fish snack food probably won't be in the stores for another couple of years. So you have a while to get used to the whole idea.
M: A couple of years, ha？ It may just take me that long, but thanks for telling me about it.
(23)
听力原文：W: I'm calling to check on the status of my TV.
M: Well, the new parts have just come in so it should be ready by Friday.
Q: What will the man do possibly？
(14)
An the followings describe the trends in corporate philanthropy EXCEPT
Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals.
It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic "pre-shocks" that were missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the world’s earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distances which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sense—a form. of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground.
Almost all the research done into animal signaling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs designed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication known as seismic signaling) have been almost entirely over-looked. These re- searchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realized—and that they could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behavior.
Until recently, the only large mammal known to produce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species whose notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Caitlin O’Connell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants also use vibration as a means of communication. At any rate they produce loud noises that are transmitted through both the ground and the air—and that can travel farther in the first than in the second. Elephants, according to Dr O’Connell-Rodwell, can transmit signals through the ground this way for distances of as much as 50kin when they trumpet, make mock charges or stomp their feet.
A seismic sense could help to explain certain types of elephant behavior, One is an apparent ability to detect thunderstorms well beyond the range that the sound of a storm can carry. Another is the foot-lifting that many elephants display prior to the arrival of another herd. Rather than scanning the horizon with their ears, elephants tend to freeze their posture and raise and lower a single foot. This probably helps them to work out from which direction the vibrations are traveling—rather as a person might stick a finger first in one ear and then in the other to work out the direction that a sound is coming from.
In the past decade many insects, spiders, scorpions, amphibians, reptiles and rodents, as well as large mammals, have been shown to use vibrations for purposes as diverse as territorial defense, mate location and prey detection. Lions, for example, have vibration detectors in their paws and probably use them in the same way as scorpions use their vibration detectors—to locate meals.
Dr. Hill herself spent years trying to work out how prairie mole crickets, a highly territorial species of burrowing insect, manage to space themselves out underground. After many failed attempts to provoke a reaction by playing recordings of cricket song to them, she realized that they were actually more interested in her own footfalls than in the airborne music of their fellow crickets. This suggests that it is the seismic component of the song that the insects are picking up and using to distribute themselves.
Whether any o
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