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If it is a good biography it brings its subject as vividly as if he were standing in the same room. A good biography is v______.

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Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet. Since their first appearance on earth, men have gathered information and have attempted to pass useful ideas to other men. The carving of word-pictures on the walls of ancient caves as well as hieroglyphics on stone tablets represent some of men’s earliest efforts to convey information. Scenes of hunting, maps of battles, and the stories of heroes were put down for all to see. But as civilizations grew more complex, better methods of communication were needed. The written word, carrier pigeons, the telegraph, and many other devices carried ideas faster and faster from man to man. In recent years one type of machine, the electronic computer, has become increasingly important in the lives of all the people in the industrialized nations of the world. Computers are now widely used aids for communication, calculation, and other activities. Their effect becomes more important every day. New ways of helping with counting and recording information evolved. Marks of different kinds were taken to represent certain quantities, and other marks were taken to represent relationships between quantities. New devices to aid in the manipulation of numbers were developed. Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we have now. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filling, distributing, and keeping track of records and publications can be as troublesome as calculating. Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted. something that helps (Para. 2)

Only this year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the No. 5 highroad. I was motoring up from the town and I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car coming down, which swept round a sharp corner at 100 km/h and crashed into a car coming up. I witnessed an a______.

"There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university," wrote John Mansfield in his tribute to English universities—and his words are equally true today. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, he said, because it was "a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see." The paragraph is about the u______ education.

The fact is that the energy crisis has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile base. The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years ,or so at the present rate of use. The e______ crisis.