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听力原文： We know that we have to pay for what we get. If we buy food, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills. But there are also public bills that must be paid. Public bills are paid by the government. In turn we get these services through taxes. What would happen if everyone in the city stopped paying taxes？ The water supply would stop; water might become unclean and impure. The streets might notbe cleaned. There would be no police force to protect .people and property. Schools would be closed. People would become sick and diseases might spread. We should not want to live in such a city. We all want pure water and food, clean streets and good schools. We want the police to prevent crime. The chief duty for every government is to protect persons and property. More than three quarters of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and all the public officials. A large number of public funds are also spent on roads.
The greatest part of necessary funds is raised by taxes. A tax is money that we all must pay to support the government. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in the matter. Almost everyone pays some taxes in one form. or another.
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A．Improved living conditions.B．New ways to help people get over diseases.C．Many invent
听力原文： There have been many great inventions, things that change the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today--the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances.
For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more, They began to work instead to make life better.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our fife today.
The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.
By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man, but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.
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听力原文：W: This food is terrible. I can't even finish my dinner.
M: I know. You think with all the money we pay for room and board, the university could hire a better food service. Where are you headed next？
W: I'm going over to the student recreation center to play some bridge.
M: You are spending your time on a card game？
W: Not just any card game. It's one of the most strategic there is.
M: So I've heard. Don't you play with a partner？
W: Yeah. Four people play, two against the other two.
M: So you try to play in cooperation with your partner.
W: Actually, the cards of one of the four players are turned face up. That player is called the dummy.
M: I wouldn't want to be called that. When you are the dummy what do you do while the cards are being played？
W: Anything you want. Sit there and study, shuffle another deck, get snacks for everyone. I like to stand behind my partner and watch.
M: You know. I've heard that bridge is habit funning. You should be careful not to play so much that you don't get your studying done.
W: Don't worry about me. I only play Thursdays after dinner, and sometimes when they need a fourth player. If you like, I could teach you.
M: Thanks. But I have a pretty heavy workload this semester. I have to spend my evenings studying. I don't really know how to do it yet.
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听力原文： Today when a man steps on to the moon, or something new and important happens, the world learns about it immediately. What did the newspapers say about that first flight in 19037 Strangely enough, they said hardly anything about it at all. There were only a few reports about it in the papers. These reports said very little. Some of the things they said were not even correct. In 1904, the Wrights built a second machine. They called it Flyer No. 2. They invited some reporters to a field near Dayton to watch them fly. Unfortunately, there was some mechanical trouble with the plane and it did not fly at all that day. The reporters went away. They were disappointed and did not come back. The Wrights went on with their work. In 1905, they built an even better machine, Flyer No. 3. They were able to stay up in the air for half an hour and more in this machine. They were able to turn and climb in the air. Farmers, travelers on the roads around Dayton often saw them flying. But when these people told reporters about it, they refused to believe them.
The Wrights offered Flyer No. 3 to the United States Government. The Government was not interested. They seemed to think the Wrights wanted money in order to build an airplane. They did not understand the Wrights had already done this, and flown it as well. Experts were still saying that mechanical flight was impossible. At the end of 1905, the two brothers took their plane to pieces. The parts were put into a huge wooden case. It seemed nobody was interested.
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