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某实施监理的桥梁工程，其基础为钻孔桩。该工程的施工任务由甲公司总承包，其中桩基础施工分包给乙公司，建设单位委托丙公司监理，丙公司任命的总监理工程师具有多年桥梁设计工作经验。施工前甲公司复核了该工程的原始基准点、基准线和测量控制点，并经专业监理工程师审核批准。该桥1号桥墩桩基础施工完毕后，设计单位发现：整体桩位（桩的中心线）沿桥梁中线偏移，偏移量超出规范允许的偏差范围。经检查发现，造成桩偏移的原因是桩位施工图尺寸与总平面图尺寸不一致。因此，甲公司向项目监理机构报送了处理方案，要点如下：（1）补桩。（2）承台的结构钢筋适当调整，外形尺寸做部分改动。总监理工程师根据自己多年的桥梁设计工作经验，认为甲公司的处理方案可行，因此予以批准。乙公司随即提出索赔意向通知，并在补桩施工完成后第5天向项目监理机构提交了索赔报告：（1）要求赔偿整改期间机械、人工的窝工损失。（2）增加的补桩应予以计量、支付。理由：（1）甲公司负责桩位测量放线，乙公司按给定的桩位负责施工，桩体没有质量问题。（2）桩位施工放线成果已由现场监理工程师签认。

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Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth. By "dropout" the author means（）.

A. students who failed the examination
B. students who left school
C. students who lost their way
D. students who were driven out of school

某航道整治工程项目，经公开招标，由某施工单位承担该工程，并签订了施工承包合同。施工单位成立了项目经理部，项目经理组织编制了施工组织设计，其部分内容如下：（1）编制依据。……（2）工程概况。……（3）施工的组织管理机构。……（4）施工的总体部署和主要施工方案。施工的总体部署：……施工方案：1）筑坝工程施工顺序为：①测量放样；②水上沉软体排；③坝根接岸处理；④水上抛石；⑤水上抛枕；⑥坝体表面整理。2）护岸工程施工顺序为：①测量放样；②水上沉软体排；③水上抛石（枕）镇脚；④护坡。其中护坡工程的施工顺序为：①削坡及整平；②岸坡开挖、土石方回填；③铺设倒滤层；④排水肓（明）沟；⑤面层处理。（5）施工进度计划。包括施工总进度计划和施工总进度保证措施，单位工程施工进度计划图及其说明，主要分部（项）工程施工网络计划及其说明，施工进度计划检查和调整的控制措施。（6）各项资源需求、供应计划。……（7）施工总平面布置。……（8）技术、质量、安全管理和保证措施。……（9）文明施工与环境保护。（10）主要技术经济指标。……（11）附图。……

方钻杆上旋塞接在（）和方钻杆之间。

A. 水龙头
B. 钻杆
C. 方钻杆保护接头
D. 钻铤

按一、二代间的血缘关系归属，主干家庭的基本模式，是什么？