题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
When Christian Bernard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die. Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person？" or "If doctors needed a dying person's heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely？" and so on.
Since that time, surgical techniques and techniques to help prevent the patient's immunological systems from rejecting new organs have developed very quickly. Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.
However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive if lungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. Under these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients？ Who would decide which patient should get the organ？ Would it be the doctor？ Or the donor？ Or the family？ If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve--and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.
The first heart transplant was so controversial because people believed that ______.
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听力原文：M: Hi, Jane, this is Jonah here. How about going to see A Man and His Horse at the Rialto Theatre this weekend？
W: Well, to tell the truth, I'm not really crazy about western movies.
M: Oh. Then, is there any particular movie that you'd like to see？ The Return of the Monster ？
W: No, I'm afraid not. I hate science fiction movies. Maybe we shouldn't see a movie. We could go ice skating.
M: I don't really enjoy going ice skating. How about going hiking？
W: Well, I've gone hiking several times in the past few weeks, and I'm pretty tired of it now.
M: Hmm. Why don't we just have dinner together somewhere？
W: That sounds like a good idea. Where would you like to go？
M: Well, one of my favorite places to eat is The Captain's Table.
W: The Captain's Table？ What kind of food do they serve there？
M: Seafood. But if you don't like seafood, we can go some place else.
W: No. On the contrary, I love seafood!
M: You do？ Great!
W: Then we're set. The Captain's Table for dinner on Saturday. What time？
M: How about 7 o'clock？
W: Is 8 okay？
M: Fine. See you then, bye.
(23)
2 Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sun-loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germany's engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Germans get six weeks' paid annual holiday~ even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.
3 Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether people's aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the world's richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children, who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise？
4 Some explanations for America's time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs？ A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not. When asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less.
5 Then, why do Americans want to work harder？ One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment-- which is more or less where the argument began.
6 Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.
7 None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following America's lead). Perhaps cultural differences--the last refuge of the defeated economist—are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that "basic needs"--for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled car--expand continuously. Shopping is already one of America's most popular pastimes. But it requires money--hence more work and less leisure.
8 Or try this, the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothi
He quarreled with his mother this morning because he always objects to ______ early, which
A．bargainB．fashionC．styleD．mode
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