题目内容
Raising Wise Consumers
Almost anyone with a profit motive is marketing to innocents. Help your kids understand it's OK not to have it all. Here are five strategies for raising wise consumers.
1. Lead by example
While you may know that TV commercials stimulate desire for consumer goods, you'll have a hard time selling your kids o, the virtues of turning off the tube if you structure your own days around the latest sitcom (情景喜剧) or reality show.
The same principle applies to money matters. It does no good to lecture your kids about spending, saving and sharing when doing out their pocket money if you spend every free weekend afternoon at the mall. If you suspect your own spending habits are out of whack (不正常), consider what financial advisor Nathan Dungan says in his book Wasteful Sons and Material Girls: How Not to Be Your Child's A TM. "In teaching your child about money, few issues are as critical as your own regular consumer decisions," he writes. "In the coming weeks, challenge yourself to say no to your own wants and to opt for less expensive options."
2. Encourage critical thinking
With children under six or seven, start by telling them, "Don't believe everything you see," says Linda Millar, vice-president of Education for Concerned Children's Advertisers, a nonprofit group of 26 Canadian companies helping children and their families by media--and life--wise. Show them examples of false or exaggerated advertising claims, such as a breakfast cereal (谷类) making you bigger and stronger.
Shaft Graydon, a media educator and past president of MediaWatch, suggests introducing children to the "marketing that doesn't show"--the mascots (吉祥物) and web-sites that strengthen brand loyalty, the trading toys that cause must-have-it fever and the celebrity endorsements (签名，认可). "Explain that advertisers pay millions of dollars for celebrities to endorse a product, and that the people who buy the product end up sharing the cost," she says.
3. Supervise with sensitivity
According to a survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network in 2001, nearly 70 per cent of children say parents never sit with them while they surf the Net and more than half say parents never check where they've been online. Tile states for TV habits paint a similar picture. A 2003 Canadian Teachers' Federation study of children's media habits found that roughly 30 per cent of children in Years Three to Six claim that no adult has input into their selection of TV shows; by Year Eight, the figure rises to about 60 per cent.
"Research suggests that kids benefit more from having parents watch with them than having their viewing time limited," says Graydon, noting that many children have TV sets in their bedrooms, which effectively free them from parental supervision. And what exactly does "supervision" mean？ "Rather than ridiculing your child's favorite show, game or web-site, which will only create distance between you, you can explain why certain media messages conflict with the values you'd like to develop in your child," Graydon says.
If you're put off by coarse language in a TV show, tell your child that hearing such language sends the (false) message that this is the way most people communicate when under stress. If violence in a computer game disturbs you, point out that a steady diet of onscreen violence can weaken sensitivity towards real-life violence. "And when you do watch a show together," adds Graydon, "discuss some of the hidden messages, both good and bad."
4. Say no without guilt
I'm not proud to admit it, but when Tara asked me if I could take her shopping, I ended up saying yes. More precisely, I told her that if she continued to work hard and do well in school, I would take her over the school holidays.
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A．The Secret of a Happy Life.B．The Secret of a Long Life.C．Hunzas of the Himalayas and
Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather man from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.
One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of' the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.
Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _________.
听力原文：W：I heard you caught the flu．How are you feeling today？
M：I can't complain．After all，I'm out of bed.
Q：How is the man today？
(17)
Emily's mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TI' for heady a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late '80s, when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing
nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U. S. ) don't even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they' re in "balance." TI' advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $ 70 an hour, to smooth patients' energy, sometimes during surgery.
Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof, TF therapists would have to sit down for independent testing-some- thing they haven't been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $ 1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human cncrgy field. (He's had one taker so far. She failed. ) A skeptic might conclude that TF practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader？ Says Emily: "I think they didn't take me very' seriously because I'm a kid."
The experiment was straight forward! 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs-left or right-and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, they'd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field, they couldn't feel it.
Very few TT practitioners responded to the $ I million offer because
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