题目内容
This is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among "situations vacant", although it doesn't offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears "situations wanted", although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either; What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
"Contact us before writing your application", or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae (工作简历) or job history", is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form. in its own right.
There was a time when job seeker simply wrote letters of application. "Just put down your name, address, age and Whether you have passed any exams", was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when they left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. "Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for," was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
The new type of advertisement mentioned in the first paragraph is ______.
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听力原文：M: A study shows that automobiles are responsible for two thirds of the smog in American cities.
W: But people used to blame it on factories.
Q: What did we suppose to be responsible for the smog？
(19)
听力原文：W: Your daughter certainly shows a lot of enthusiasm on the tennis court.
M: I only wish she'd show as much for her studies.
Q: What does the man mean？
(15)
听力原文：M: Sit down, please. Miss Jenkins.
W: Thank you, sir.
M: Well, I'd like to start our conversation with some questions. Shall I start？
W: Sure.
M: Can you type, Miss Jenkins？
W: Yes, I can.
M: How many words a minute？
W: Fifty.
M: Hmm. Have you ever learned how to operate office computers？
W: Yes, I have. I worked for two years as a computer operator in a school.
M: Good. Are you familiar with other modern equipment, the fax machine, printer, and things like that？ W: I don't think there's any problem for me to work on these machines, You know, sir, I've even learned shorthand.
M: You have？ That's good. And you speak foreign languages, do you？
W: Yes, I speak German and French.
M: Do you speak Italian？
W: No, I don't speak Italian. But I speak Chinese.
M: Really？ We have branches in Beijing and Shanghai.
W: You mean I have the Job？
M: Wait, wait, Miss Jenkins. I have to talk to the general manager before a final decision is made.
W: I see. When can I know the result？
M: In about 2 weeks, I think.
W: Thank you very much.
M: Goodbye, Miss Jenkins
W: Goodbye.
(23)
Global Water Problem
The UN's World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg from August 26 to September 4 is supposed to result in plans to reduce global poverty and the North-South income gap without causing irreparable damage to the environment. As a follow up to the Earth Summit of 1992, it is using the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) as a guide. These are part of the UN's 2000 Millennium Declaration, which resolved to cut the proportion of people who are unable to get safe drinking water in half by 2015.
Following are some facts and figures on the state of the world's water supplies and the UN's goals regarding water.
Water Supply and Shortage
A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025. A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries which are mostly in Africa or the Middle East.
PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025 about three billion people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
Freshwater ecosystems cover less than 1 percent of the Earth's surface. Ice mostly in the form. of glacier comprises 69 percent of the world's freshwater supplies and groundwater is 30 percent. Wetlands, which include marshes and swamps, comprise 0. 3 percent, lakes 0.3 percent, and rivers 0.06 percent. However, many experts argue that the world's wells are not about to run dry.
They say that on a global level we have enough water but must use it more wisely and attempt to address uneven distribution around the globe which is related partly to different rainfall patterns.
Problem/Issue
Lacking of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera (霍乱), which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflicts. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. Water shortage would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.
Moreover, there are many problems with the world's fresh water supplies, including pollution from industry, agriculture and untreated sewage. The World Bank says inefficient infrastructure means that water that does not reach customers is not only wasted but ultimately not paid for. This can lead to infrastructure decay because of a lack of funding for maintenance. Tariffs are often kept low by politicians seeking to woo voters, leading many to advocate the privatization of water services-95 percent of municipal water services are publicly run but this is controversial because of concerns that the very poor could be denied access. Privatization advocates argue that services will improve at a lower cost as a result because the contracted operators will have an incentive (动机) to improve their product.
Dams
Dams have brought huge benefits to more than 140 countries but the social and environmental costs have often been high. Perhaps
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