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杨某，女性，18岁，某大学一年级学生，未婚自我陈述：我从来就性格孤僻，没有伙伴，甚至和弟弟也不接触，当时并不觉得这是什么缺陷。上初中以后看到其他女同学经常同男同学在一块儿又说又笑，十分开心，对他们既羡慕又嫉妒，自己为什么就做不到呢，我虽然个性孤僻但内心却渴望与人交往并希望被他们重视，可我又做不到，同学们很少和我交谈，因此我内心矛盾重重。进入高中这种内心矛盾越发强烈，每天独来独往十分痛苦。高三后期几乎不敢去上课，在家看书还能勉强静得下来，一到学校就心烦意乱，由于过去基础很好考大学时才没有落榜，进大学以后又产生一种自卑感，总感到自己不如别人，有一次考试时，一位男同学问我一道题的答案，我很高兴地告诉了他，但被监考老师发现并说"有些同学眉来眼去地干什么"。我听后十分害怕，总感觉自己眼神不正常，不敢和别人对视，总怕别人说我不正经，怕同学耻笑，有时不敢去上课，不敢与同学往来，怕与别人的视线相对，说自己不正经。我父母都是大学教授，事业心较强，一心想在教学科研方面出点成绩，对学生很有耐心，帮助和辅导他们争取学有所成，但对自己的孩子却很少过问，更不用说彼此谈心了。我有一个小我一岁的弟弟，正在读高中，我们也很少在一起聊天。父母不注重管理家务，家里非常零乱，吃穿方面更不讲究，我穿的都是父母的旧衣服改制的衣服，我总觉得不如别人，在男同学面前没有吸引力。了解资料：父母介绍：求助者自幼胆小，不敢单独一个人在家，不敢和同学来往，不敢单独出去做事，自进入大学后连上课也不敢抬头看老师讲课。夏天不管天气如何热在室内总是挂着窗帘，在家里经常照镜子，反复表现出自认为最佳的表情和风度。父母没有办法，感觉女儿总得离家走上社会，所以求助于心理咨询。咨询过程：根据其父母的介绍和杨某的自我陈述，采取了分阶段的治疗。第一步：采用认知领悟疗法，通过对求助者的暗示和启发使其改变原有的错误的认知结构，逐渐能够正确客观地认识自己和其他事物，从而解除心理问题。第二步：采用家庭疗法，向杨某的父母说明情况，取得积极配合，共同治疗杨某的心理问题。第三步：采用伙伴疗法，使她在与伙伴的交往中逐渐培养起感情，让事实证明能够与伙伴友好相处，并从伙伴那里得到帮助、友谊和信任，消除害怕同学的心理。经过三个月的多次咨询治疗，杨某开始能和家人、同学正常交往。该案例心理行为相关的社会性因素有（）。
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The first attempt made by European people to settle downpermanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.回答下面的题目：The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. Thefirst hundred years after Christopher Columbus journey of discovery in 1492 didnot produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather someSpanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure,and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cahot,originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader inBristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship,the Matthew,with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island prohably off the NewEngland coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across thenorth Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal"title to North AmericA．But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interestin America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America werenearly a hundred years after Columbus first voyage. The Englishman Sir WalterRaleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it VirginiA．In1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island,but theystayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition,led by Drake,in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappearedwhen a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607.English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based inLondon and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name NewEngland to the northern areA．The first settlers in Virginia were little more thanwage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not verysuccessful. Many dieD．Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By1619 the colony had only a thousand people.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the15th century,
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