题目内容
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [ A ] , [ B 1 , [CJ , and [ D ]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT A It is possible for students to obtain advanced degree in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon the list of authors whose works are most widely taught—is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare hooks, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are lacking in crucial tools for revising the canon. To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was de signed to raise students’ consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources①. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith’s work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could be all read in a day, thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith’s play—The Platonic Wife exists in three visions, enough to provide i]lustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon. The range of Griffith’s work meant that each student could become the world’s leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith’s Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title trans formed into A Wife in the Night in Watt’s Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid serve to vaccinate the student—I hope for a lifetime—against credulous use of reference sources②. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.
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TEXT B Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action, that we never recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water①. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures. As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others②. It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Expo sure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to ac quire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties. Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations. The passage might be entitled "______".
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. What can we know about the package of incentives
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be giv en 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage. Tile Americans go to the cinema mainly to ______.
案例分析题“DZ包餐”公司的经营发展“DZ包餐”是一家提供全方位包餐服务的公司，是上海某大饭店的下岗工人李杨夫妇于1994年创办的，如今已经发展成为苏锡常和杭嘉湖地区小有名气的餐饮服务企业之一。“DZ包餐”的服务分为两类：递送盒饭和套餐服务。盒饭主要由荤菜、素菜、卤菜、大众汤和普通水果组成。可供顾客选择的菜单：荤菜6种、素菜10种、卤菜4种、大众汤3种和普通水果3种，还可以定做餐饮佐料。尽管菜单的变化不大，但从年度报表来看，这项服务的总体需求水平相当稳定，老顾客通常每天会打电话来定购。但由于设施设备的缘故，“DZ包餐”会要求顾客在上午10点前电话预定，以便确保准时递送。在套餐服务方面，该公司的核心能力是为企事业单位提供冷餐会、大型餐会，以及一般家庭的家宴和喜庆宴会。客户所需的各种菜肴和服务可以事先预约，但由于这项服务的季节性很强，又与各种社会节日和法定假日相关．有旺季和淡季之分，因此要求顾客提前几周甚至1个月来预定。“DZ包餐”公司内的设施布局类似于一个加工车间，主要有五个工作区域：热制食品工作区，冷菜工作区，卤菜准备区，汤类与水果准备区，以及一个配餐工作区，专为装盒饭和预定的套菜装盆共享。此外，还有三间小冷库供储存冷冻食品，一间大型干货间供储藏不易变质的物料。但设施设备的限制以及食品变质的风险制约着“DZ包餐”公司的发展规模。虽然饮料和水果可以外购，有些店家愿意送货上门，但总体上还是制约了“DZ包餐”公司提供柔性化服务。在人员配备上，李杨夫妇聘用了10名员工：2名厨师和8名食品准备工，旺季时另外雇佣一些兼职服务员。包餐行业的竞争是十分激烈的，高质量的食品、可靠的递送、灵活的服务以及低成本的运营等都是这一行业求生存、谋发展的根本。近来，“DZ包餐”公司已经开始感觉到来自愈来愈挑剔的顾客和几家新来的专业包餐企业的竞争压力。顾客愈来愈需要菜单的多样化、服务的柔性化、响应的及时化。最近，李杨夫妇参加了一个现代物流知识培训班，对准时化运作和第三方物流服务的概念印象很深，并认为这些理念正是“DZ包餐”公司要保持其竞争能力所需要的东西。但是他们仍旧感到困惑，那么，“DZ包餐”公司能否借助第三方物流的物流服务。案例分析要求： 在引入第三方物流服务中你会向“DZ包餐”公司提出什么建议。
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