题目内容
A．capableB．possibleC．impossibleD．responsible
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根据材料请回答 51～65
We know the kiss as a form. of expressing affection.But long before it became 51 ,it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a(n) 52 of respect.
In many African tribes the natives kiss the ground over which a chief has walked.Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect form. the 53 times.
The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes as a form. of dignified greeting.One Ro-man emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 54 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 55 important ones were only allowed to kiss his feet!
It is quite probable that the kiss as a form. of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 56 fondle her child, just as a mother 57 today. It only remained for society to 58 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.
We have evidence that this was already the 59 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was 60 long before that.The first 61 where the kiss became ac-cepted in courtship and love was in France.When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended 62 a kiss.
From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe.Russia, which loved to 63 the customs of France，adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper classes．A kiss from the Tsar became one of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown．
In time，the kiss became a part of courtship． 64 marriage customs developed，the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony．Today，of course，we regard the kiss as ai expression of love and tenderness．But there are still many places in the world where th。kiss is 65 0f formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect．
第 51 题
根据材料请回答 16～22
Disease, Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention
Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions.There are marked (显著的) variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.
In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness- that is, make a diagnosis.A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together.The doctor must know the symptoms(症状), which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs(体征)(also called objective symptoms)which the doctor himself can observe.Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symp-toms) accompanies a given disease.Such a group is called a syndrome(综合症).Frequent- ly certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physicians in making his diagnosis.
Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by ob-serving closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor.Once the patient's disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred as therapy (疗法).Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician's orders.
In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken increasing responsi- bilities in prevention.Throughout most of medical history, the physician's aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease.However, the modem concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens to keep people well through the promotion of health.A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs.A rapidly growing re- sponsibility of the nursing treatment profession is educating individual patients toward the mainte- nance of total health physical and mental.
第 16 题 Disease refers to the condition in which one or two parts of the body fail to func- tion properly.
It is taken for granted that a piano without any defects would produce very grand
根据材料请回答 23～30
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen.Although these molecules allow radiation at visi-ble wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength infrared emissions radiated from the Earth' s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance in- coming solar radiation.If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would es-cape from the Earth much more easily.The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide.The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of the forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by a- bout 15 percent in the 1st hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the at- mosphere.Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society？ Mathematical models, that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of ——18℃ can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth.Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the tem- perature increases by about 6~C per kilometer approaching the Earth' s surface, where the average temperature is about 15~C．An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation.As the capaci- ty of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increase, the radiating level and the.tem- perature of the surface must rise.
One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃.This model assumes that the atmos- phere 's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 6.5~C per kilometer.
The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises.There- fore, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth's sur- face.The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reduc- ing the Earth's reflectivity.More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a fur-ther increase in temperature.
第 23 题 Paragraph 1
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