题目内容
It is not surprising that a philosophy borrowed from business should see its principal focus within education as the furthering of the connection with business and industry. Moreover, when a philosophy is implemented at governmental level by people, the majority who learnt their understanding of life within this environment, it is not surprising that they should picture education as feeding this goal'
In an age when the US is seen as being in desperate, almost cut-throat competition with industrial neighbours, it becomes an article of faith that to maintain present standards of living, education must increasingly focus upon training the youth of the country to compete in such markets. This demand is, of course, nothing new. A number of factors come together to provide the motive force for making education the handmaiden of the job market. For those with economic blinkers, such concentration makes good sense, but for those who take a wider view of the purposes of education, this appears narrow and damaging, even, in the long term, to the economic good health of the country. It is possible to argue for the ultimate purposes of education from different standpoints.
The one that appears to be the motive force in much educational decision-making at the present time values knowledge that is conducive to the furtherance of the national economic well being. It sees the child as a being to be trained to fit into this economic machine. Initiative and activity are encouraged only as far as these dovetail with ultimate occupational destinations. The teacher, therefore, is seen as a trainer, a constructor, a transmitter. However, there are many who value knowledge which is perceived as part of that country's cultural heritage while other child-centred advocates see the curriculum as based on each individual child's experiences and interests, each being active, involved, unique constructors of their own reality. Others see schools as being essentially concerned with pressing social issues which need to be resolved, and therefore the curriculum takes the form. of being top ic or problem based.
Such sketches do not begin to do justice to the complexity and richness of argument, which may be contained in differing educational ideologies. However, if they at the very least convey the profound conflicting views, these descriptions suggest that there is truth in each of them, but none must have the stage to itself.
According to the text, it is not surprising that.
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The author expressed his regret to his friend and his wife for arriving there too late.
With Airbus's giant A380 airliner about in to take to the skies, you might think planes could not get much bigger — and you would be right. For a given design, it turns【21】, there comes a point where the wings become too heavy to generate【22】lift to carry their own weight.【23】a new way of designing and making materials could【24】that problem. Two engineers【25】University College London have devised an innovative way to customise and control the【26】of a material throughout its three-dimensional structure.
In the【27】of a wing, this would make possible a material that is dense, strong and load-bearing at one end, close to the fuselage,【28】the extremities could be made less dense, lighter and more【29】. It is like making bespoke materials,【30】you can customise the physical properties of every cubic millimetre of a structure.
The new technique combines existing technologies in a(n)【31】way. It starts by using finite-element-analysis software, of the type commonly used by engineers,【32】a virtual prototype of the object. The software models the stresses and strains that the object will need to【33】throughout its structure. Using this information it is then【34】to calculate the precise forces acting on millions of smaller subsections of the structure.【35】of these subsections is【36】treated as a separate object with its own set of forces acting on it — and each subsection【37】for a different microstructure to absorb those local forces.
Designing so many microstructures manually【38】be a huge task, so the researchers apply an optimisation program, called a genetic algorithm,【39】This uses a process of randomization and trial-and-error to search the vast number of possible microstructures to find the most【40】design for each subsection.
(1)
听力原文：M: Please come in, Miss Edwards, and close the door behind you.
W: All right. What do you want me to do, Mr. Davis？
M: Have a ,seat over there. How are things going in the office？
W: Just fine, Mr. Davis, especially with recent personnel shifts.
M: Yes, I thought so. Well, I and the executive board feel that much of your improved performance in the main office is due to your conscientious efforts.
W: Oh, thank you, Mr. Davis. My job has certainly become easier since we computerized our record-keeping system. The equipment is convenient to use.
M: That's true. But we are especially impressed with how your influence contributes to good office relations and improved staff attitude toward the work.
W: Well, thank you for your confidence in me. We do have a lot of good people in the office, and the new machinery is wonderful.
M: Yes, but machines are only as good as the people who use them. They can't ensure harmony and efficiency in a staff.
W: That's very true.
M: To make a long story short, the board wishes to reward your efforts by making you office manager as of next Monday. That means a $ 250 raise as of the first of next month.
W: I'm deeply honored, Mr. Davis. Thank you.
(23)
A．north and south.B．east and west.C．south and west.D．north and east.
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