题目内容

人们经常听到“信息”和“控制”这两个字眼,但往往说不清它们的确切含义。实际上,我们每时每刻都生活在“信息”和“控制”中。早晨起来洗脸,先往盆里放一点热水,用手试试是冷还是热,冷或热就是信息,再往盆里加入冷水或是热水,使水温达到合适温度为止,这就是控制。今天天气是冷是热,不知道。看看户外的温度计,它告诉我们天气冷热的信息,就可以控制一下穿衣服的多少,穿好衣服去上班,是迟是早,不知道,看看手表,它告诉我们时间信息,就可以控制一下我们骑车的快慢。在日常生活中,类似这样的有关信息和控制的例子,不是到处都有吗?
人们在生产活动中,更是到处用到信息和控制的基本道理。农民看到庄稼枯黄了,这是信息,赶快施肥浇水,这就是控制。炼钢工人观察钢水的颜色,得到钢水温度的信息,判断是否继续加氧或及时出炉来控制炼钢质量。总之,安排好生活生产离不开信息,也离不开控制。
人们积累了多年的生活生产经验,为了减轻劳动强度,提高劳动效率,很自然想到利用仪表和机器自动地获取信息,自动地进行控制,这样就产生了所谓自动化。
发展自动化技术的[ ]问题是从信息源中获取信息,再将已得到的信息加以处理,然后是利用信息进行控制。概括说来,信息源可分为三个方面:自然信息源、社会信息源和知识信息源。自然信息源是指来自自然的信息,包括物理、化学、天体、地学、生物等方面的信息。过去谈自动化,只限于利用自然信息进行控制。近年来,更将自动化的应用渗透到企业管理以至家庭生活,于是出现了办公室自动化、家庭自动化这一类新事物。就将自动化技术从工厂扩大到了全社会,因而从社会中自动地提取信息就变得越来越重要了。例如,商情信息、出版信息等等,都是人们生活中所关心的事情。古今中外记录流传下来的知识,专家的经验,都含有丰富的信息,就构成了知识信息源。从知识信息源中,自动地检索到人们所需要的知识,往往可以节省大量的时间和物资。所以说,重视知识是十分重要的。
作者谈到“信息”含义时,先后说“冷或热就是信息”,“农民看到庄稼枯黄了,这就是信息”,其表达方式是()。

A. 从本源上叙述
B. 从概念上界定
C. 从生活上举例
D. 从理论上阐述

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