Symptoms of C. botulinum food poisoning include double vision, inabilityto speak, and respiratory paralysis. These symptoms are consistentwith
A. Invasion of the gut epithelium by botulinum
B. Secretion of an enterotoxin
C. Endotoxin shock
D. Ingestion of a neurotoxin
E. Activation of cyclic AMP
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The first microorganism to satisfy Koch's postulates (in the late 19th century) was
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
C. Mycobacterium leprae
D. Bacillus anthracis
E. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which one of the following is an important virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis?
A. Protective antigen
B. Lipopolysaccharide
C. Pili
D. A toxin that inhibits peptide chain elongation factor EF-2
E. Lecithinase
In the fall of 2001, a series of letters containing spores of Bacillus anthracis were mailed to members of the media and to U.S. Senate offices. The result was 22 cases of anthrax, with five deaths. The heat resistance of bacterial spores, such as those of Bacillus anthracis, is partly attributable to their dehydrated state and partly to the presence of large amounts of
A. Diaminopimelic acid
B. D-Glutamic acid
Calcium dipicolinate
D. Sulfhydryl-containing proteins
E. Lipid A
Which of the following is the most resistant to destruction by chemicals and heat?
A. Spores of Aspergillus fumigatus
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Ebola virus
D. coli
E. Spores of Bacillus anthracis