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由核酸和蛋白质构成()。
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Questions are based on the following passage．
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness．One is negative: athinner pay packet hurts self-esteem （自尊）．The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap isseen as improving your own chances of similar riches．
A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St．Andrews separates the two effectsusing data from household surveys in Germany．Previous work showed that the income of others canhave a small， or even positive， overall effect on employees" satisfaction in individual finns in Denmarkor in very dynamic economies， such as Eastern Europe．But Mr．FitzRoy"s tean~ proposed that olderworkers， who largely know their lifetime incomes already， will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect．Thenegative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for peopleaged under 45．In western Germany， seeing peers" incomes rising actually makes young people happier．It is only those people over 45， when careers have "reached a stable position"， whose happiness is harmed by the success of others．
The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive．Those with jobs are no happier after they retire， however， perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations．Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls shortof social expectations．Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance．Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lowerincomes， but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others．
Indeed， retiring early from work can have side-effects．Another paper， co-authored by AndreasKuhn of the University of Zurich， investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurancerules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others．Men retiring a yearearly lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13%．Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed
to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss．The death wascaused by smoking and alcohol consumption．If you"re in a job， even when you are paid less， hang on in there．
One of the effects of lower pay than your peers‘ is that__________． 查看材料
从细胞内膜相结构和非膜相结构之间的联系，试说明细胞内结构的统一性。
In which aspect have e-book publishers done incorrectly？
Questions are based on the following passage．
For years， high school students have received identical textbooks as their classmates．Even asstudents have different learning styles and abilities， they are force-fed the same materials．"Imagine adigital textbook where because I"m adifferent person and learn differently， my book is different thanyour book，" said Richard Baraniuk， founder of OpenStax．
OpenStax will spend two years developing the personalized books and then test them on Houston-area students．The books will also go through a review and evaluation process similar to traditionaltextbooks．Baranluk expects 60 people to review each book before publication to ensure its quality．The idea is to make learning easier， so students can go on to more successful careers and lives．
Baraniuk isn"t just reproducing physical textbooks on digital devices， a mistake e-book publishers havemade．He"s seriously rethinking that the educational experience should be in a world of digital tools．Todo this means involving individuals with skills traditionally left out of the textbook business．Baraniuk iscurrently hiring cognitive scientists and machine learning experts．Baraniuk wants to use the tactics of Google， Netfllx and Amazon to deliver a personalized experience．These Web services all rely oncomplex algorithms （算法） to automatically adjust their offerings for customers．Just as Netlix recommends different movies based on your preferences and viewing history， a textbook might present materials at a different pace．The textbook——which will be stored on a range of digital devices——will automatically adjust itself thanks to machine learning．As a student learns about a topic， he or she could be interrupted by brief quizzes that evaluate， whether he or she masters the area．Depending on how the student does， the subject could be reinforce~l with more material．Or a teacher could be automatically e-mailed that the student is struggling with a certain concept and could use some one-on-one attention．This personalized learning experience is possible thanks to the wealth of data a digital textbook cantrack．This data can be used to better track students" progress during a course．Parents and teacherscan monitor a student"s development and provide in time more proper assistm ce．With personalizedlearning methods， our students" talents will be better developed．
What do we learn about personalized books？ 查看材料
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