题目内容
Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.
Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their values—this can't be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things for the very old people. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. Is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with .some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of？ Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car: it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. Never forget that such operations are painful experience, however good the results. At what point should you cease to treat the old body？ Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate (使......活动) the old body, knowing that it is designed to die？ You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.
When you talk to old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.
It is implied in Para. I that .
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法是由国家强制力保证实施的，具有国家强制力。 ()
听力原文：M: Hello, University Books. Tim Weber speaking.
W: Hi, Tim, this is Ruth.
M: Oh, hi, Ruth, What's up？
W: Well, the Student Federation needs a couple of volunteers to give guided tours to the new students next week. Would you be able to help out？
M: That depends on the days you have in mind. I' m working here full-time before classes begin. It's really busy now, with all the textbook orders coming in, but I do have some time off.
W: What about Saturday？ Most new students arrive on the weekend.
M: Sorry, I have to work all day Saturday. How about Thursday and Friday？ I' ve got both mornings free.
W: I don' t have the schedule on me. Ken' s got it. Maybe you can set something up with him.
M: I'll only be able to spare a couple of hours, though.
W: No problem. I' ll ask Ken to get in touch with you later today. Will you be at this number？
M: Yeah, till four... Look, I' ve got to go. I have to get all the orders out before I leave today.
W: OK, thanks, Tim. Bye.
(23)
Twins
The same factors that give rise to uncanny physical similarities between twins--similarities are mirrored in genetic similarities that can have more negative impact. Australian researcher David Hay has found that one type of identical twin seems to be plagued with developmental difficulties, especially in language acquisition, and that both parents and teachers add to these difficulties by responding more positively to the older of the two.
Hay has found that just as many identical twins are "mirror images" of one another--with the facial structure, dominant hand and even fingerprints of one exactly reversed in the other---their brains also seem to reflect the same phenomenon.
Questions about Identical Twins
"It is almost impossible to find identical pairs (of twins with the same brain structure)," says Hay, who presented some of his findings on twins at the International Society for Twin Study Conference in Amsterdam in September. "There is generally no relationship between how their brains function; the twins work and think differently." "The left half of the brain controls language skills in one twin while in the other it is the right half," he continues. "So one twin may have difficulty in the reception of language and the other in communication."
"We still have piles of questions about identical twins," he adds.
Hay heads one of the world's largest studies on twins at LaTrobe University in Melbourne, and has studied 587 sets of twins and their siblings over the last 10 years. He has found that both genetic and social factors combine to put twins at a disadvantage, but that steps can be taken to set the youngsters on the path to normal development. The twins who experience the bulk of the problems are the second of two types of identical twins, says Hay. The first type, comprising one-third of all identical twins, results when the fertilized egg splits three to four days after conception. These embryos have separate placentas. The second group forms when the egg divides four to eight days after conception. They share the same placenta, and are "mirror image" twins in about 70 percent of the cases. This group is at the highest risk for a range of social and learning problems, as well as for congenital abnormalities such as spinal bifida and cleft palate. Hay points out that twins traditionally have been known to have difficulties acquiring language sills." They're older when they say their first word, their sentences are shorter and baby talk persists longer that it does with other children, ' he says. "They are also known to develop a secret language they use to communicate with one another." Hay has found that this exclusive language is usually the result of one twin omitting letters and syllables as he or she hurries to get a message across before the other one interrupts." In a sense their language is very adaptive to their own environment, but unfortunately, maladaptive to other situations," he says. "Until recently it was believed language problems gradually diminished until around the time of starting school for all children. But now it appears that twins in particular develop a shaky foundation in this area that has to be corrected early."
Problems with Twin Boys
Hay has also found that "mirror image" identical twin boys are especially at a loss in trying to pick up language skills in school. They are at a double disadvantage, he notes, because boys are normally slower at language acquisition than girls are. According to Hay, as many as 90 percent of the "mirror image" boys at primary level had some reading problems while 23 percent were seriously learning-disabled. But environmental factors contribute even more heavily to twins' troubles, Hay believes. Identical twins, his research shows, have cause to challenge their parents' fairness. Parents tend to lavish more time and attention on the first-born twin, who is o
What does Steve say about the cooks who work for him？
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