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行政领导方法有何作用？

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简述你对行政领导效能具有变量多重性与效能辐射性这个特点的理解。

何书田的医术是世代相传。()

？Read the article about supermarket.
？Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
？For each gap 8—12, mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.
？Do not use any letter more than once.
？There is an example at the beginning.
Supermarket
Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, (8) .
The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.
Supermarkets originated in-the early 1930s. They were established by independents (9) . Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.
Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions (10) .
A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items (11) . Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.
Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on.
For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (ware house stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures (12) : Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).
A including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries
B attracting more customers with their low prices
C primarily in either of two ways
D to compete with grocery chains
E a type of retailing institution
F by size and assortment
G than a conventional supermarket does
(8)

考生文件夹中有Excel 工作表如下：
按下列要求完成如下操作：
1．打开考生文件夹中的工作簿文档EXCEL.xls，将工作表Sheetl更名为“教师信息表”。
2．在数据清单后追加一条记录：陶成烈理学院副教授1965-8-16硕士。
3．在数据清单中，筛选出1965年1月1日以后出生的，职称为“教授”，学历是“博士”的教师名单。要求将筛选条件建立在数据清单下方，筛选结果显示在区域A18:E22中。
4．将数据清单复制到Sheet2中。
5．用“分类汇总”方法统计各种学历的人数。