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The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans？
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Part A
Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.
What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is. in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities, because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.
Certain obvious qualifies are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentration(since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable courage. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle. Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience.
A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, America's first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.
In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts'record in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you. it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married.
The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas. You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates, but this is not the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fed up with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.
As for the astronauts'political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.
Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, because they are______.
听力原文： Today it's my turn to give the weekly oral presentation, and the topic that Professor May had assigned to me is“the life of the poet, Emily Dickinson”. Compared with Walt Whitman whom we discussed last week. I found Emily Dickinson strikingly different. She seemed in fact to be the complete opposite of Whitman in her life and in her work. I would like to share briefly with the class some of the essential facts of her biography. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830 in Amherst, Mass, barely a decade after Whitman. In her early 20's for reasons which still remain a mystery she began to withdraw from her ordinary contact with the world. For the remaining 30 years of her life she was seldom seen outside her home. In this respect she was quite unlike Whitman who loved the great outdoors. Emily Dickinson spent her solitary days corresponding with her friends and writing hundreds of remarkable poems, notably“I heard a fly buzz”and the poem we have read for today“I'm nobody”. Although she showed none of her poems to her family and sent some of her letters to friends. only four were published in her life time. Most of them, almost 1,200 poems were discovered in her room after she died in 1886 at the age of 56. These poems have established her as a major poet, and several modern critics consider her the greateSt woman poet in the English language. Eh, that's about all I have. Is there any question？ If not, we should probably begin talking about Dickinson's“I'm nobody”, the poem Professor May assigned for this week's class discussion.
Who is the speaker？
Part B
Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： Right，everybody．Welcome to Central College library services．My name's Kathy Jenkins．I'll give you a brief introduction to the library．We have a well-stocked bank of resources which are located in three main places：the library itself，with books and periodicals；the self-access language centre，with audio and video material；and the micro-computer lab．I'll start with the micro-computer lab，or micro-lab as we call it．It is fitted with 24 personal computers．
If you are a member of the library，you may borrow CALL discs in French，German，Italian，Spanish and Russian as well as English．By the way，CALL stands for computer aided language learning：C-A-double L．“CALL”．for short．You may also borrow a range of word processing and desktop publishing packages．All disks are，of course，strictly for use in the micro-lab only．If you wish to print anything you should use one of the five machines around the outside of the room．Four are connected to dot matrix printers，one is connected to the laser printer．If you want a better quality printout from the laser printer，come and see me or any of the library staff．Dot-matrix printouts are free but there is a charge for using the laser printer．
There is always a queue to get to the terminals towards the end of term．Come in and get to know how to use the computers early in the term and use them regularly，rather than just before exams and essay deadlines，in order to avoid delay or disappointment．Training sessions are held on a regular basis．on the first and third Thursday of each month，and are free to full-time students of the college．See you there．Now，any questions？
What does the speaker suggest that the students should do during the term？
People in Russia are also famous for their longevity.
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