题目内容
A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grassic Gibbon&39;s Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all
time" by Scotland&39;s reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland&39;s poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father;experience tragedy (her mother&39;s suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a-figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie&39;s long history, in a language that imitates the place&39;s changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris&39; point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else&39;s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris&39; husband, Evan Tavendale. The war finally kills Evan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren&39;t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead. It is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
What is Sunset Song mainly about？ 查看材料
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The company you work for is concerned about the amount of time staff spend traveling to meetings in other branches of the company, and is looking at alternatives.
You have been asked to make recommendations about introducing video conferencing.
Discuss the situation together and decide:
1. ？what the company needs to know about the meetings that take place at present.
？what the advantages and disadvantages of video conferencing might be.
？what kinds of practical preparations would be needed before introducing the system.
Woman B: Good morning, Ellen. It's Miranda Hillard. I am phoning about our delivery next week.
Woman A: Oh, yes. Could you tell me when we can expect the consignment to arrive？
Woman B: Of course. The delivery should arrive next Tuesday. Five trucks are on hire from Alpha Transport. But as two will be off half a day earlier, they should arrive early in the morning, around 8 o'clock, while the other three will arrive towards 3 p.m..
Woman A: All right. Err, could you tell me the person in charge of the delivery？
Woman B: I am flying to Nottingham next week, so Mr. Allan Stern will see to it personally. His contact number is 5437-3561.
Woman A: Good. Thank you very much. Goodbye.
Woman B: Goodbye.
&8226;Look at the note below
&8226;You will hear a woman calling to inform. of details of a delivery.
Message
Date: Sep. 23
From: Miranda Hillard
Message：
Details of Delivery
&8226;Arrival time: next (9)______ .
&8226;Conveyance: Five trucks from Alpha (10)______ .
&8226;Two trucks around 8 o'clock in the morning and three towards (11)______ .
&8226;Person in charge: Mr. Allan Stern&8226;Contact number: (12) ______ .
How does Organisms Ward off Invaders
The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms．This interdependence is sometimes subtle，some times obvious．Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites，organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them．The parasitic way of life is widespread．A multitude of microorganisms(including viruses and bacteria，and an army of invertebrates or creatures lacking a spinal column(including crustaceans，insects，and many different types of worms)make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures．In the face of this onslaught，living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms．
Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria create substances known as antibiotics into their external environment．These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area，thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients．The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms．For example，when attacked by disease--causing fungi or bacteria，many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders．
Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites．Although these mechanisms vary considerably，all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of“foreign”cells．In fact，throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types of wornls shellfish，and all vertebrates(creatures possessing spinal column)
there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals．
The ability to distinguish between“self”and“non-self”，while present in all animals，is most efficient among vertebrates，which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism．The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells．
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Deport them or not
In a country that defines itself by ideals，not by shared blood，who should be allowed to come，work and live here？In the wake of the Sept．1 1 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing．
On Dec．11，2001，as part of the effort to increase homeland security，federal and local authorities in 14 states staged“Operation Safe Travel”-raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明)．In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests．But those captured were anything but terrorists，most of them
illegal immigrants from Central or South America．Authorities said the undocumented workers’illegal status made them open to blackmail(讹诈)by terrorists．
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods．
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent，“We’re saying we want you to work in these places，we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are，and then when it’s convenient for us，or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security，especially after Sept．1 1，then you’re disposable．There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons，”Anderson said．
If Sept．1 1 had never happened．the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone oil quietly living in America．probably indefinitely．Ana Castr0，a manager at a Ben＆Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport，had been workin9 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid．Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)．Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled．While she awaits the outcome，the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s．
According to the author，the United States claims to be a nation__________． 查看材料
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