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护理伦理学的范畴主要包括权利、义务、______、良心、审慎、慎独等。
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In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites had to be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA) argues that it was not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever.This is the fatlash movement that causes America’s slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat Lies (Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Michael Fumento, author of The Fat of the Land ( Viking, 1997), an anti-fatlash diatribe, compares Dr Gaesser’s logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI: Rather, it was the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all the blood vessels in his neck, and.., the trauma caused by his head dropping several feet into a wicker basket.Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30%～50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim.The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false: researchers have found a number of genes that appear to make some people bum off energy at a slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calories—or a spoonful of mayonnaise—a day.An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush’s Eat More, Weight Less ( Harper Collies, 1993 ) and Date Atrens’s Don’t Diet ( William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans’ weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains people’s own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight.Certainly, the body’s metabolism slows a little when you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up. To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that ().
在用例建模的过程中，若几个用例执行了同样的功能步骤，这时可以把这些公共步骤提取成独立的用例，这种用例称为 (19) 。在UML的用例图上，将用例之间的这种关系标记为 (20) 。
Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations, (31) to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational achievement.The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests (32) pen-holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far (33) attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher (34) findings have been published, was inspired to investigate this area (35) he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling (36) had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link (37) pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he (38) find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite (39) between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.People who (40) their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics (41) inhibit learning, (42) as poor posture, leaning too (43) to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen (44) than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure (45) is being written).Mr. Thomas believes that the (46) between elder and younger writers is (47) too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow (48) . He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between (49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips, (50) the over 40s group all had a uniform ’tripod’ grip. \ 43().
Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations, (31) to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational achievement.The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests (32) pen-holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far (33) attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher (34) findings have been published, was inspired to investigate this area (35) he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling (36) had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link (37) pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he (38) find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite (39) between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.People who (40) their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics (41) inhibit learning, (42) as poor posture, leaning too (43) to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen (44) than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure (45) is being written).Mr. Thomas believes that the (46) between elder and younger writers is (47) too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow (48) . He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between (49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips, (50) the over 40s group all had a uniform ’tripod’ grip. \ 40().
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