?Read this text taken from an article about advertising.
?Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
?For each gap 9—14, mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.
?Do not use any letter more than once.
Advertising in the United States is successful under the following circumstances: first, when it creates a favorable company image; second, when it relies on scientific research for an accurate evaluation of trends, fashions, needs, attitudes, and motivation; third, systematically applies the findings of research in solving its problems; G .
(9) . In the competitive world of American business, a positive company image is essential to a company's survival and growth. Any adverse publicity could destroy the image, thereby causing a "recession" in the company's ability to sell its product, keep the value of its stocks high, and maintain a healthy state of company morale. Furthermore, the self-images projected to the consumer are one of the essential techniques for pulling people into the commercial, of getting them involved with the situation and consequently with the product. (10) . The composite American, as projected in TV and radio commercials, might be pieced together somewhat as follows: always eating, troubled with insomnia, constantly worried, extremely clean, fond of fun and luxury, wholesome, highly individualistic, looking for the easiest and quickest way of doing everything, and searching for reality even if it's only a real cigarette.
Successful advertising appeals more to emotion than to reason. Research shows that data from surveys may be inaccurate because people frequently do not give reasoned answers to questions, but answers that convey a good impression to the researcher. (11) . Reasoning power is called into play only when people have to give themselves a solid excuse for buying something that appeals to them emotionally. Since a major part of advertising is aimed at the emotions, there is some concern that through exploitation of the emotions by advertisers, Americans will become less rational and less independent in their ability to make decisions.
However, recent research indicates that people's ability to reason is not adversely affected by advertising because too few advertising messages really get through to them. (12) .
If a company's drive for successful advertising disregards ethical practices, the public must rely on various agencies to discipline the offender with the threat of damaging its image. On the other hand, advertisers have found it advantageous to enrich our leisure hours by providing great entertainment, often unavailable otherwise. (13) . What does it mean? It means that we associate the brand name, the trademark, or the slogan with the entertainment. It means that the company has won our favor and that, in all probability, we will buy that company's products and/or invest in its stocks.
(14) . Therefore, every step in the advertising process is aimed at stimulating Americans to work harder, to train longer, and to earn more in order to acquire a generous share of the material conveniences and luxuries that the giants of industry have been able to produce.
A Effective advertising is a powerful image-builder.
B As a result of all this image-making activity, the advertiser arrives at a composite of all the images projected, a national image with which the majority of consumers can identify.
C People watch the commercial and listen to the sales message, but often pay little attention to what is going. D People always pay little attention to commercials, because they are so money-oriented. E We hum the tunes, recount the tales, and laugh at the comic situations brought to us by the advertiser.
F It was the motivation analysts who found that companies must sell emotional security first and fore
?Read the text below about television network.
?In most of the lines 41—52 there is tone extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.
?If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.
?If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
Television Network
0 As one of the three major commercial networks, CBS was organized
00 in 1928 in which its founder, William Paley, acquired ownership of a
41 the group of radio stations. As the Columbia Broadcasting System
42 expanded its operations, and soon becoming the largest radio network
43 In the United States, it is precociously recognized the potential for the
44 rapidly evolving television broadcasting technology. On July 13th,
45 1931, it began to experimental television broadcasting in New York,
46 and ten years later it began regular black and white week broadcasts
47 over its WCBW TV station in the same city, in which became WCBS TV
48 In November 1946. With Television City in Hollywood, CBS has launched
49 the industry’s first full scale production studio there. Today CBS owns
50 television stations, radio stations, and home video production and distribution is
51 interests. The CBS Broadcasting Group is composed of six divisions: television
52 network, entertainment, sports, news, local television stations, and the radio. For most of commercial television history, CBS has been the leader in prime time ratings, having the highest rated shows in almost every year from the mid- 1950s through the mid-1980s.
(41)