Each of the following statements concerning spirochetes is correct EXCEPT
A. Species of Borrelia are part of the normal flora of the mouth
B. The species of Leptospira that cause leptospirosis grow primarily in humans and are usually transmitted by human-to human contact
C. Species of Borrelia cause a tick-borne disease called relapsing fever
D. Species of Treponema cause syphilis and yaws
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From a public health perspective, in which of the following stages of syphilis can a person be considered not infectious?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Reactivated latent
Which of the following mycoplasmas has been implicated as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B. Ureaplasma urealyticum
C. Mycoplasmafermentans
D. Mycoplasmamycoides
An 18-year-old sexually active woman develops left lower quadrant pain and fever. On pelvic examination, she has tenderness in the left adnexa, and a mass suggestive of a uterine tube abscess is palpated. The patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. Which of the following bacteria is considered to be a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease?
A. Bacillus cereus
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Chlamydia trachomatis
Which of the following is important in the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal infections?
A. The presence of lacto-N-neotetraose with a terminal galactosamine as the host cell receptor.
B. The peptidoglycan in the mycoplasmal cell wall.
C. The structures and the interactive proteins that mediate adhesion to host cells.
D. The absence of cilia on the surface of the host cells.
E. Growth in an anatomic site where anaerobic organisms thrive.
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