题目内容
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Yoga becomes very popular nowadays, but it is important that we get to know a few facts about it. First of all, it is not a religion. Yoga is a way of life and can serve only to improve your present way of life. Yoga is an exact science and a delicate art. Secondly, be as mechanical as possible. Never strain or pull too much. Forcing will cause your body to resist and will actually slow down or even prevent your progress, so go gently. Stretch up to the point where it would start to hurt. then stop immediately. The key is the proper breathing through the nostrils with the mouth shut. Usually it is best to practice alone in a room with fresh air, wearing little or no clothing. Never practice oh a full stomach because an empty stomach permits greater flexibility. Exercise will benefit your general health. Yoga cannot add or reduce pounds from your figure; only eating less or more food can do that. Always remember that diet affects weight, while exercise affects shape. Neither can do the job of the other.
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听力原文： Students want to find the best way to put information into their long-term memories. They want to keep the information later when they take a test. What is the best way to learn inform0tion so they can remember it when they want to？
When studying, you should read the whole lesson first. This gives you the whole picture in which to put the ideas. New information that fits into the whole picture is easier to remember than separate facts. Yon also learn fester if you look at headings, introductions, important words, summaries, conclusions, and anything else that helps to organize the material, which is easier to understand.
Than the second step is to study the parts. Think about how they fit into the whole picture.
If you have a lot to study, don't try to do the whole job at once. Learning should be spread out and spaced. This gives the information time to "sink in." You should study grammar three times, a half hour each time. That is better than studying for an hour and a half at one time. Even shorter study periods are better for vocabulary lists and other difficult material. To learn the most in a two-hour study session, study different kinds of material; a half hour on grammar, 15 minutes on vocabulary, 20 minutes on writing, and so on. The change will help to keep you interested.
You forget most quickly right after you read or hear something new. You should review right away so you won't forget, and if possible, explain it to someone else. When you review and test yourself on the material, you are being active; active learning is better than just reading or listening.
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听力原文：M: There was a new quiz show on television last night, but we were just sitting down to dinner when it came on.
W: I watched it and it was great! The first four contestants won only small prizes, but the fifth left with a new luxury car.
Q: Whet happened last night？
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The Science of Interruptions
In 2000, Gloria Mark was hired as a professor at the University of California. She would arrive at her desk in the morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the phone would ring. At the end of the day, Mark had accomplished a fraction of what she set out to do.
Lots of people complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain: She set out to measure how nuts we've all become. She watched cubicle (办公室隔间) dwellers as they surfed the chaos of modern office life and found each employee spent only ten-and-a-half minutes on any given project before being interrupted. Each short project was itself fragmented into three-minute tasks, like answering e-mail messages or working on a sheet.
Mark's study also revealed that interruptions are often crucial to office work. The high-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, it's often something you really do need to see; if a mobile phone call breaks through, it might be the call that saves your hide.
For some computer engineers and academics, this realization has begun to raise an attractive possibility: Perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can re-engineer them so we receive all of their benefits but few of their downsides.
The Birth of Multitasking
The science of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operators — the first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that if someone spoke to a telegraph operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more likely to make errors. Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驶舱) for fighter pilots were carefully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with just a glance.
Still, such issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. "Multitasking" was born; instead of simply working on one program for hours at a time, a computer user works on several simultaneously. Office workers now stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and web browsers. In the modern office we are all fighter pilots.
Effect of Multitasking: Computer-affected Behavior
Information is no longer a scarce resource — attention is. 20 years ago, an office worker had two types of communication technology: a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of possibilities between these two poles.
The result is something like "continuous partial attention", which makes us so busy keeping an eye on everything that we never fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, inasmuch as the constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired. But what happens when you take that to the extreme？ You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger.
In 1997, Microsoft recruited Mary Czerwinski, who once worked in NASA's Human-computer Interaction Lab, to conduct basic research to find out how computers affect human behavior. She took 39 office workers and installed software on their computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were as restless as hummingbirds. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing
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