1.A p__________ is a person who can describe speech, who understands the mechanisms of speech production and speech perception.
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D_______ are used to transcribe the minute differences between variations of the same sound in actual language environments or by different speakers.
When we are producing the P__________, the obstruction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the hard palate.
In the production of v______ sounds, the passage of the airstream is relatively unobstructed; we have no blockage of the air as it is pushed out of the lung.
A___________ phonetics studies how the listeners perceive the sounds.