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Oil Exploitation Beneath ANWR&39;S Frozen Earth
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区 ) (ANWR) to help secure America&39;s energy future？ President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR&39;s oil would help ease California&39;s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country&39;s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We&39;ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America&39;s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases,environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR&39;s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State&39;s electricity output and just 3% of the nation&39;s.
What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR？ 查看材料
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罚金、罚款共同构成了行政处罚中的财产罚。()
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Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving
Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween.
In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents for Christmas. As if all this isn&39;t enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival--Thanksgiving.
Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food. Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, all entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families. After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.
Dean Foster, an ll-year-old boy will take part in this celebration. He said: "I love Thanksgiving because it means time offschool, lots of nice food and a happy family."
His brother Ben, nine, said: "the best thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas."
But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening, Dean and Ben&39;s family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.
Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.
Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in the US to start a new lire. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.
Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.
On Halloween， children in the United States often dress up as__________. 查看材料
开展法治宣传教育只是司法机关和公职人员的责任。()
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