题目内容
Recently, the Change of the global climate brings about the fatal disasters all over the world. It not only worries the world's population but also troubles the scientists the world over. When global warming finally came it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10 000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past--and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change. Some scientists argue it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in. Rio. Among other things the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate changes is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign .global environment that has existed over the past 10 000 years—during which agriculture writing cities and most other features of civilization appeared--is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future--even without the influence of human activity.
Fanning emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged______.
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A Country's Standard of Living
The " standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, ______(51) , depends on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth"______(52) this sense is not money, for we do riot live on money ______(53) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.
A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of______(54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends______(55 ) a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources______(56) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off_____(57) the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and______(58) this and other reasons was______(59) to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and______(60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered.
A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed_____(61) its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. ______(62) , Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on______(63) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (过剩的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would______(64 ) be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much______(65) by its manufacturing capacity provided (如果) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
PART C
Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： The Women's Liberation movement has become an important social movement through out the world today. In the past few decades, it has become one of the most important social movements in the U. S.. Women have been fighting for equal rights in the United States since the early 1900s, but it was really in the 1960s and 1970s that women began to gain rights and treatment in the fields of politics, education, employment, and the home.
As for the field of politics, today's politicians are well aware that women have become a powerful force in this country. One of the reasons for this is that there are about 70 million women of voting age (voting age in the United States, as many of you may already know, is eighteen.) There are, in fact, 7 million more women of voting age than there are men of voting age in the US today.
Not only are there more women voting these days and influencing the political structure of the country, but more of them are becoming better educated. Today's young American woman is much more likely to be a college student than her mother was. In 1950, only 7% of all women eighteen to twenty-four years old were enrolled in college. By 1980, 30% of all women in this age group were college students. Today in the United States, there are at least 5 million women college students. To be sure, this is 2.3 million fewer than the number of American men with college degrees, but the number is growing each year.
As far as the field of employment is concerned, about 42 percent of the entire American work force today is made up of women; there are 38.8 million women workers. In contrast, back in 1900,only 20% of the country's work force was made up of women. This seems to indicate that greater numbers of today's women are managing to combine careers outside the home with the traditional moles of wife, mother, and homemaker. Years ago, you see, it was customary for women to work outside the home only until they got married or until they had children. Nowadays, many women are continuing to work after they marry, and even after they have children.
How long does it take the US women to fight and gain equality？
What is true of the talk？
The best place to start, of course, is the home. Every day, people all over the world are hurting the environment without even knowing it. For example, busy families buy paper napkins and plastic food at the supermarket. This helps them save time on housework, but after these things have been used, what happens to them？ They go in the trash. In many places, especially in the North America, big cities are running out of places to throw their trash, what can we do about it？
How can we cut down on garbage？ Well, we can start using cloth napkins and cloth towels instead of paper towels. When we go grocery shopping, we can choose products that are not" over-packaged". For example, last week I bought a package of Cookies. The cookies were in a bag, there was a plastic tray inside the bag, and then each cookie was in its own little package on the tray in the bag! That's over-packaging! We should also take our own bags to the grocery store to carry things home.
Cleaning products are another danger. Dangerous cleaning products enter our water supply every day. Of course, everyone wants a clean house, so what's the answer？ For one thing, we could make our own cleaning solution from baking soda, lemon, and vinegar.
Now, what about in the community？ At work and school, we use one very valuable item every day. Paper, of course, we need paper to do our work, but how much do we waste？ Get your school or office to recycle paper. Learn to make notepads from unused side of old pieces of paper.
Perhaps the most important thing we do is to ask our schools to teach recycling to young children. We should teach them to be careful; we should teach them not to litter. We should also teach them by being good role models and recycling as much as we can every day! Finally, plant a tree. Better yet, plant two trees.
What's the talk mainly about？
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