题目内容
Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. The death penalty is the most controversial penal practice in the modem world. Other harsh, physical forms of criminal punishment—referred to as corporal punishment (体罚) —have generally been eliminated in modem times. In the majority of countries, contemporary methods of punishment—such as imprisonment or fines—have abandoned infliction (施加) of physical pain. Although imprisonment and fines are universally recognized as necessary to the control of crime, the nations of the world are split on the issue of capital punishment. About 90 nations have abolished the death penalty and an almost equal number of nations retain it.
The trend in most industrialized nations has been to first stop executing prisoners and then to substitute long terms of imprisonment for death as the most severe of all criminal penalties. The United States is an important exception. The federal government and a majority of U.S. states provide for the death penalty, and on average 75 executions occur each year throughout the United States.
Since ancient times most governments have punished crimes by death as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the nfid-18th century, social critics began to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The debate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continues today.
Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and insulting; while supporters assert that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human fights issue involving the limits of governmental power. In contrast, the advocates tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there will be further debate not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.
According to the first paragraph, corporal punishment ______.
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【C4】
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Fashion is clothing that is in style. at a particular time. The concept of fashion implies a process of style. change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Thus, the English playwright William Shakespeare observed in the 16th century that "the fashion wears out more apparel (衣服) than the man".
Back in Shakespeare's day, only upper-class people dressed fashionably; the mass of the rural peasants wore simple clothing that hardly changed over many generations. Since the beginning of the 20th century, however, fashions have changed rapidly. We would look strange indeed if we wore the styles our great-grandparents wore. And most people—at least in the West—follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much mom than the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist, and change, in running shoes. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish, however imprecisely, between basic clothing, such as blue jeans and T-shirts, and the latest fashions created by fashion designers.
Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royal families and heads of state have sot fashion, and in the 20th century media stats have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing w read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.
Fashion also has its critics, who have at times blamed fashion for being irrational, frivolous (轻佻的), and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and gray the next season？ Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already？ A common criticism is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. In essence, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.
What does Shakespeare's remark imply？
听力原文：W: I think that the game starts at eight.
M: Good. We have an hour to get there.
Q: What time is it now？
(14)
听力原文：M: Hi. Welcome to Heavenly Pies. May I take your order？
W: Uh... yes. I'd like the fried chicken steak.
M: Okay. Would you like fries, bread, or rice with your meal？
W: Umm. I'll take the rice.
M: Would you care for anything to drink？
W: Yeah. I'll take a medium Sprite.
M: Okay. A medium Sprite. And what kind of dressing would you like with your salad？ It comes with the fried steak.
W: What dressings do you have？
M: We have French, Italian, blue cheese, and Ranch.
W: Oh! Ranch, please.
M: Would you like anything else？
W: Well, I'd like to see your pie menu. That's the main reason why I like to dine here.
M: Oh, I'm sorry, but we aren't serving pies today.
W: Huh？
M: Well, you see, Dave, our baker, slipped on a banana peel back in our kitchen two days ago, and injured his back.
W: Oh, no.
M: He'll be out for at least two weeks. In the meantime, we're serving ice cream sundayes instead. Sorry.
W: I'm sorry to hear that. I hope he gets better soon.
(20)
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