In 1981, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM's Zurich lab invented the scanning tunneling microscope, allowing scientists to "see" individual atoms for the first time. Binnig and Rohrer won the Nobel Prize for this discovery in ______.
A. 1983
B. 1986
C. 1990
D. 1996
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In1985,RiceUniversityresearchersHaroldKrotoetal.discoveredtheBuckminsterfullerene(C60),morecommonlyknownasthe'buckyball',whichisamoleculeresemblingasoccerballinshapeandcomposedentirelyofcarbon,asaregraphiteanddiamond.Theteamwasawardedthe______NobelPrizeinChemistryfortheirrolesinthisdiscoveryandthatofthefullereneclassofmoleculesmoregenerally.
A. 1988
B. 1990
C. 1994
D. 1996
In _____, Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber invented the atomic force microscope, which has the capability to view, measure, and manipulate materials down to fractions of a nanometer in size, including measurement of various forces intrinsic to nanomaterials.
A. 1980
B. 1984
C. 1986
D. 1990
In _____, the US President Clinton launched the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) to coordinate Federal R&D efforts and promote US competitiveness in nanotechnology.
A. 1995
B. 2000
C. 2004
D. 2009
At ____ Century, the Lycurgus Cup in Rome is an example of dichroic glass; colloidal gold and silver in the glass allow it to look opaque green when lit from outside but translucent red when light shines through the outside.
A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 6th
D. 9th