During the last few years, it has been realized that maintenance of programs is more expensive than development, so reading of programs by humans is as important as writing them.
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Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers.
Fortunately most programming languages have many kinds of constructs in common and vary only in the way that these must be written.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into 5 stages:Requirements Analysis & Specification, Design,Coding, Testing,andMaintenance.
Object-orientation may increase productivity because OOA and OOD, if done correctly, result in products that are cleaner, more understandable, and easier to implement and test.