Trophic levels are influenced from above by predation and from below by production.
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Pathogen-host dynamics can be described by( )
The change in predator and prey populations together follows a closed cycle that combines the individual changes in the predator and prey population, called ( )
The indirect effects of consumer-resource interactions extend through additional trophic levels of a community is called ( ).
A species that has a disproportionate impact on the community relative to its abundance is called ( )