Speculativenanotechnologyshouldcover:
A. molecularnanotechnologyinvolvingmanipulatingsinglemoleculesinfinelycontrolled,deterministicways
B. nanoroboticsornanorobotsthatcenteronself-sufficientmachinesofsomefunctionalityoperatingatthenanoscale
C. productivenanosystemsthatareabletoproduceatomicallyprecisepartsforothernanosystems,notnecessarilyusingnovelnanoscale-emergentproperties,butwell-understoodfundamentalsofmanufacturing
D. programmablemattersthatseektodesignmaterialswhosepropertiescanbeeasily,reversibly&externallycontrolledthoughafusionofinformationscience&materialsscience
TheELSIaspectsofnanotechnologymainlyentail:
A. health&environmentalimpact
B. socialimpact
C. ethical&legalimpact
D. biosafety,biorisk,&biosecurity
Possibleexposureroutesfornanoparticles, nanofibers & nanotubes tohumansare:
A. dermalcontact&thenabsorbedbytheskin
B. inhalationviatheair(breathingin)
C. ingestionviathefoodintake/diet
D. accidentalinjection
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipsbetweenexposureroutesofnanoparticlesandtheirhealthrisksarecorrect?
A. Exposurestonanomaterialsmayoccurthroughinhalation,dermalcontact,accidentalinjection,&ingestion,theriskincreaseswithdurationofexposure&theconcentrationsofnanoparticlesinthesampleorair.
B. Inhalationpresentsthelowestexposurehazard.
C. Nanomaterialssuspendedinasolutionorslurryposealesserhazard,however,sonication,shaking,stirring,pouring,orsprayingcanresultininhalationexposure.
D. Nanoparticlesthatarefixedwithinamatrixposetheleasthazardaslongasnomechanicaldisruption,suchasgrinding,cutting,orburning,occurs.
Theethicalimplicationsofnanotechnologyare:
A. Noreliableinformationcanproperlyreflectonthehealth-related,ecological,ethical&socialimpactsofnanotechnology.Theethicalissuesarisingfromtheapplicationsofnanotechnologyarenumerous&complex.
B. Nanotechnologyisdepictedeitherasthefuturesolutiontoworldhealthproblemsorthefuturecauseofagreatecologicaldisaster.Theethicaldebateonnanotechnologyhighlightstheoscillationbetweentheconsequentialist&deontologicalapproach,wellknowninbioethics.
C. Theadvanceswithinnanotechnologyledtodebatesontheethicalimplicationsofitsapplications,includingequity,benefitdistribution,&environmentalimpact.
D. Nanotechnologynotonlyentailsepistemicrupture,butintroducesnewlaws&structuresofknowledge,ornewcognitivecategories.Whetherproceedingfromtheperspectiveofnanoethics,thediscussionregardingtheethicalimplicationsofnanotechnologyrevealsthatthequestionsdonotariseonlyfromwithinthesocialsciences.
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