识别环境因素时要考虑到的“三种状态”,“三种时态”具体指()。
A. 过去,现在,将来,正常,异常,紧急
B. 正常,异常,紧急,过去,现在,将来
C. 一般,正常,异常,过去,现在,将来
D. 过去,现在,将来,一般,正常,异常
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Though it now seems merely an episode in the last year of World War I, the influenza pandemic of the autumn of 1918 was one of the three greatest outbreaks of disease in history. Only the plague of Justinian and the Black Death compare with it. A quarter of the world's population was affected; all in all, it killed 22 million people, almost twice as many as were killed in the war itself. In India, more people died from influenza in a few months than had died from cholera in twenty years. In the United States, half a million people died.
Through centuries, the course of epidemics has run from east to west. The 1918 influenza epidemic followed this pattern, reaching America last. Traditionally, Asia has been the matrix of disease, almost as though there existed, in the vastness of Mongolia, a permanent focus of infection which would erupt periodically into the rest of the world. Some doctors maintained that the influenza was introduced by Chinese labor battalions that landed on the coast of France. Some attributed it to Russian soldiers arriving from Vladivostock. Others thought it might have developed in Spain from an earlier bronchitis which was so prevalent during the spring that the name "Spanish" was given to the autumn influenza. There was even one tenuous theory that the disease sprang into being in an isolated Georgia training camp during the winter of 1917 and migrated westward until it had circumnavigated the earth.
Influenza is still a mysterious disease. No one yet knows whether it is one virus or several, why it occurs in cycle, or how and where it lies dormant between epidemics. There are theories of weather, theories of the wearing off of group immunity, and even a theory of determination by economic circumstances. The most generally held current explanation is, however, that a pandemic like that of 1918 arises when a new and explosive strain of virus develops through a spontaneous process of mutation or renewal.
What is this article about?
A. The Black Plague.
B. The flu epidemic of 1918.
C. The Plague of Justinian.
D. All epidemics.
大型的工程项目通常由若干()构成。
A. 单位工程
B. 单项工程
C. 分部工程
D. 分项工程
At around age of five, every child has to make the【C1】______from home to school. Children
at this age have an enormous amount to【C2】______Their response to rules, regulations and manners-all【C3】______related to boundaries — is【C4】______great importance. How they react to "no" will have a major【C5】______on their capacity to settle, to make friends and to learn at school.
After they start school, children are【C6】______with rules. There is both a need and a reluctance to【C7】______them. Children will ask constantly "Am I allowed to… ?", often to the【C8】______of their parents, who feel that they ought to know【C9】______that, for instance, they do not need to ask to go to the toilet at home. It is【C10】______they ask because they need to feel that they have permission, that they are【C11】______a rule. It is a request for【C12】______It is also a way of managing the two different【C13】______of home and school,【C14】______what they can do where. Many a mother gets called by the teacher's name and vice versa.
During the school day, children have to listen to their teachers, to follow more rules than there are at home and to【C15】______with the group. They may be successful at this and come home【C16】______very independent and rightly proud of their【C17】______. If this is not recognised at home and they are treated【C18】______they were before, they will feel as if their "growing up", still very precarious(不稳定的), is diminished. So they will often【C19】______. "Don't treat me like a baby" is a【C20】______frequently heard in the primary school years.
【C1】
A. transfer
B. transition
C. transmission
D. transformation
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. The medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding in formation; the information itself is the thing of value.
Three popular categories of information media are paper, film, and electronic storage devices. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however; it must be viewed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations that build effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the manager of a firm's information re sources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the organization's objectives.
For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. Examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media. Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files created on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated within organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative planning. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.
The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be created because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of communicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line computer communication. The additional application may cost less than post age to mail paper memos.
Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
A. Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.
B. The Importance and Necessity of Media Conversion.
C. Three Categories of Information Media.
D. Various Means of Communicating Information.