题目内容

背景
某混凝土重力坝工程包括左岸非溢流坝段、溢流坝段、右岸非溢流坝段、右岸坝肩混凝土刺墙段。最大坝高43m，坝顶全长322m，共17个坝段。该工程采用明渠导流施工。坝址以上流域面积610.5km2，属于亚热带暖湿气候区，雨量充沛，湿润温和。平均气温比较高，需要采取温控措施。其施工组织设计主要内容包括：
(1)大坝混凝土施工方案的选择。
(2)坝体的分缝分块。根据混凝土坝型、地质情况、结构布置、施工方法、浇筑能力、温控水平等因素进行综合考虑。
(3)坝体混凝土浇筑强度的确定。应满足该坝体在施工期的历年度汛高程与工程面貌。在安排坝体混凝土浇筑工程进度时，应估算施工有效工作日，分析气象因素造成的停工或影响天数，扣除法定节假日，然后再根据阶段混凝土浇筑方量拟定混凝土的月浇筑强度和日平均浇筑强度。
(4)混凝土拌合系统的位置与容量选择。
(5)混凝土运输方式与运输机械选择。
(6)运输线路与起重机轨道布置。门、塔机栈桥高程必须在导流规划确定的洪水位以上，宜稍高于坝体重心，并与供料线布置高程相协调，栈桥一般平行于坝轴线布置，栈桥墩宜部分埋人坝内。
(7)混凝土温控要求及主要温控措施。
问题
为防止混凝土坝出现裂缝，可采取哪些温控措施？

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某山区公路工程，业主在招标时给出了工程量清单，要求采用工程量清单报价的方法进行报价，给出的工程细目共七部分，投标时，承包商在核算工程数量时发现桩基的设计数量比清单数量少，承包商为了降低报价，就对工程量清单进行了更改，按更改后的数量进行报价；在某桥梁工程报价时，承包商发现没有模板和脚手架细目，认为业主有漏项，以后工程施工时再进行增项，在报价时未考虑此费用。各细目的单价确定后，承包商进行了汇总，得出了投标总价，写入了投标书。
问题
(1)公路工程工程量清单的工程细目包括哪八部分。
(2)据上述材料，说出承包商投标时有无不妥之处，如有请指出，并说明理由。

该工程合同总价是多少？增加N工作后的工程造价是多少？该工程预付款是多少？

计算第1个月至第4个月的工程结算款。

The second thing is, that we use, as our country, our position in every way we can to push this agenda at a senior level. I've already said that for Britain's chairmanship of the G8 next year, there should be two issues for us: one is Africa, the other is climate change. Now I think it is important that we take a clear case on climate change to the G8 next year. I'm not saying it will always be easy, but it's important that the case is made, and I think that will give a focus to the efforts that are being made by this group and by others, not just in this country, but elsewhere in the world. //
So I wanted to come and participate in the launch of The Climate Group for a very simple reason. When I first became Prime Minister, I obviously had a certain instinctive position about this issue and we as a political party coming into government had certain policies about it. But one of the first things I did, which is one of the advantages when you come into government, is that instead of having a small research group somewhere with people doing this as well as half a dozen other things, you can mobilise some of the best scientific minds and research that there is and I said, look, give me the facts. The interesting thing that came back to me was that the facts and the research indicated that this problem was, if anything, greater than I had realised //
I don't think, as I said before, there is any bigger long-term question facing the global community. This group will be one part of a set of relationships and groups and a movement worldwide to make sure that we treat the issue with the seriousness that it deserves. One thing for sure is this, if you talk to any group of young people in our country or anywhere else today, they realise its importance. They want us to act upon it, they know sometimes it will involve difficult decisions, but the cost of not acting in this case is so overwhelmingly greater than any short-term cost of action, that we have to act and we have to act now. //
So I'm delighted to be with you all this morning and I wish you the very best of luck with The Climate Group, I think it's a very, very important initiative. I am delighted to see so many people from different parts of the world that are here today. This is an issue that will carry on dominating our agenda but hopefully with your help, it will dominate the agenda of the global community in the years to come. //
(Excerpts from UK Prime Minister's speech on climate change delivered on April 27, 2004)