题目内容
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家). It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79) When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
A smaller population may mean ______.
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【B19】
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a really confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer often speaks in front of the students for one or two hours, perhaps【C1】______the talk with slides, writing up some important information on the blackboard,【C2】______reading material and giving out【C3】______at the end of the lecture. The new student sees the other students continuously writing on their notebooks and【C4】______what to write on his own notebook. Very often the student leaves the lecture【C5】______the notes which do not catch the main points in the lecture and【C6】______become hard even for the【C7】______himself to understand. Most institutions provide many courses which【C8】______new students to develop the skills they need to be【C9】______listeners and note-takers. These courses are popular among students.【C10】______these courses can not be available, there are many useful study-skills guides which【C11】______learners to practice these skills【C12】______In all cases【C13】______the problem that affects your efficiency【C14】______actually starting your studies. It is important to【C15】______that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills【C16】______in college study. One way of【C17】______these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions will provide throughout the【C18】______year. Besides, another basic【C19】______is to find a study partner with【C20】______it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
【C1】
One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief "Yes", "No", "Sure", or the very popular "Yeah" rather than with a longer reply. (76) But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single word "Hi", indeed; this is a greeting you will hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of rank, age or occupation. However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk.
Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable. (77) If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply. They don't want to be impolite or rude, you can be sure that they liked what was said about them. Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans don't usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed as they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a warm but informal people.
The fact that Americans like shorter answers tells us ______.
We may infer from the third paragraph that ______.
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