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According to research, man's sense of time is mainly mental.
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听力原文：W: John, there's a really good view beside the lake.
M: Sorry, we can't stop here. There's nowhere to park.
Q: What is the man doing？
(17)
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away be fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind". He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superior will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
What is the author's attitude toward high-tech communications equipment？
Research has proved that different rhythms of metabolism are the reason for the different
The Inner Clock That Rules Our Lives
Guess what time it is---without looking at your watch! The chances are you will be right within half an hour. Or try waking up at a particular time--without an alarm clock. You'll probably be able to do that, too.
Just about everyone can do these things, with a little practice, because the human body has its own built-in clocks.
There is a complex series of interacting rhythms in nearly everything the human body does. It sleeps to a rhythm, eats to one, and even shows a rhythm in the electrical waves produced by the brain.
Three main rhythmic cycles affect body time: the daily rhythms of the revolving earth; the monthly orbit of the moon around the earth; and the yearly journey of the earth around the sun,
A Perfect Time Sense
Not only mankind is affected by these great natural fides. All animals and plants feel them; too. Sometimes a body clock can keep accurate time to the precise minute, as in the case of the bean aphid (蚜虫), which can either lay eggs or produce live young, according to natural time that when the daylight lasts longer than 14 minutes, live offspring are born to take full advantage of the extra warmth. If the day is shorter, the aphid lays eggs to hatch at a later time.
Man's time sense is both mental and physiological. He feels hungry every three to four hours. His brain cells show two-to-three-hour cycles of activity. Even dreams run in cycles. During dreaming, the eyes, even under closed eyelids, show rapid scanning movements. Measurements of this movement, during "rapid eye movement", or "REM", permit accurate timing of periods of dreaming. Based on this, man appears to dream in cycles of about 90 minutes.
Circadian Rhythm
Man's natural rhythm of life is balanced between the length of the 24-hour solar day and the lunar day, which is 50 minutes longer. For this reason it is called the circadian (昼夜的) rhythm. Under normal conditions the circadian rhythm is constantly influenced by the rising and setting of the sun. But people isolated from outside stimuli--such as prisoners kept constantly in cells without natural light--revert automatically to a longer natural cycle.
The circadian pattern seems to be controlled partly by the hypothalamus--an area in the base of the brain close to the pituitary (垂体) gland. The hypothalamus can regulate pituitary secretions, and thus, the activity of a number of other endocrine (内分泌) gland. Effects on the cortex of the adrenal (肾上腺) gland, and changes in release of an adrenal hormone called cortisol (皮质醇), appear to be especially important in certain kinds of rhythms. These mechanisms are highly adaptable.
Most humans do have contact with natural stimuli, and their slightly shorter version of the circadian rhythm is vitally important to them. Temperature, blood pressure, pulse, breathing, and hormone activity all rise and fall in time with the world's slow spin.
A Cycle for Illness
Similarly, ability, temper, and even resistance to infection are controlled by the circadian clock. This may be why some epileptics have seizures only at certain times of the day or why pregnant women get morning sickness.
Experiments have shown that mice injected with pneumonia germs at 4 a.m. survive better than those injected at any other time of day. This could be important to humans. If vulnerability to disease is rhythmic, then response to vaccination is likely to be rhythmic, too.
Circadian rhythms account for the difference between "owls", people who are wide awake at night and stay up late, and "larks", who rise early, do their best work in the morning, and go to bed early.
Lark and Owl Patterns
Both the lark people and the owl people have quite distinct rhythms, probably because of differences in the rhythm of
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