题目内容

结合材料4，谈谈我国经济增长方式转变的措施和途径。

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Part B
For this part, you are required to write an essay entitled Distance Education. You should write about
120 words making reference to the following points:
1. Distance education develops quickly in China.
2. Distance education strengthens the links between the developed areas and the poor areas; schools at home and abroad.
3. There is still much to be done to meet the needs of people.

简述马列主义同中国实际相结合的两次飞跃及其意义。

After World War 11 the glorification of an ever larger GNP formed the basis of a new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses, and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretic. Consequently everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the manufacturers.【1】Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as most of the country's radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protested.【2】An insistence on treatment of the various effluents would have necessitated expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously this would have meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.
【3】The pursuit of nothing but economic growth is illustrated b v the response of the Japanese government to the American educational mission that visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japan's educational program, the Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in chemical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering departments were established in all the country's universities and technical institutes. In contrast, the recommendation to form. sanitary engineering departments was more or tess ignored, because they could bring no profit. By 1960, only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were interested enough to open such departments.
【4】The reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enough for a certain degree of pollution but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for their industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial methods.【5】This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air-and water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an area a fraction of the size. Moreover the Japanese diet was niche more dependent on water as a source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently discharged wastes built up much more rapidly in the food chain.
(76)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Directions: Translate the following text into English.
汉、唐时期既是经济繁荣的盛世，也是中外交流的盛世。张骞出使西域，开拓举世闻名的“丝绸之路”；玄奘万里取经，带回南亚国家的古老文化；明代郑和七下西洋，把中华文化传向远方的国度。但是后来，特别是清代晚期，封建统治者实行闭关锁国的政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。鸦片战争以来，一代又一代先进的中国人为了振兴中华，努力向西方国家学习先进的科学思想和文明成果，并同中国的实际相结合，推动了中国社会的变革与发展。