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开-闭原则(Open-Closed Principle, OCP)是面向对象的可复用设计的基石。开-闭原则是指一个软件实体应当对 (53) 开放，对 (54) 关闭；里氏代换原则(Liskov Substitution Principle, LSP)是指任何 (55) 可以出现的地方， (56) 一定可以出现。依赖倒转原则(Dependence Inversion Principle, DIP)就是要依赖于 (57) ，而不依赖于 (58) ，或者说要针对接口编程，不要针对实现编程。 57（）
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第二篇 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning (扫描) what’s happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons (神经元) are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (功能性磁振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize (使…显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood - and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers’ brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers’ brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. The expression "highlighting the areas of the brain at work’ in paragraph 5 means
阅读以下数据集成的叙述，在答题纸上回答问题9至问题11。某互联网销售企业需要建立自己的电子商务平台，将所有产品信息集中在一起，为用户提供全方位的产品信息检索服务。但产品供应商大多数已经建有自己的电子商务平台，且数据独立存储，而且数据格式和数据平台有较大差异，有的供应商甚至没有采用数据库来存储商品信息。为此该企业专门成立专家组来论证其数据集成方案。李工提出采用集中式集成方式把产品供应商的数据集中在一起，采用数据仓库技术来实现与各家供应商的数据集成。而王工提出采用松耦合的联邦数据库集成方案。专家组经过激烈讨论，认为王工方案更为合理，建议采用王工提出的集成方案。 请结合数据仓库和联邦数据库集成方案各自的特点，简要说明专家组采用王工提出的集成方案的原因。
开-闭原则(Open-Closed Principle, OCP)是面向对象的可复用设计的基石。开-闭原则是指一个软件实体应当对 (53) 开放，对 (54) 关闭；里氏代换原则(Liskov Substitution Principle, LSP)是指任何 (55) 可以出现的地方， (56) 一定可以出现。依赖倒转原则(Dependence Inversion Principle, DIP)就是要依赖于 (57) ，而不依赖于 (58) ，或者说要针对接口编程，不要针对实现编程。 55（）
设有关系模式R(课程，教师，学生，成绩，时间，教室)，其中函数依赖集F如下：F=课程→→教师, (学生, 课程)→成绩, (时间, 教室)→课程,(时间, 教师)→教室, (时间, 学生)→教室关系模式R的一个主键是 (66) ，R规范化程度最高达到 (67) 。若将关系模式R分解为3个关系模式R1(课程，教师)、R2(学生，课程，成绩)、R3(学生，时间，教室，课程)，其中R2的规范化程度最高达到 (68) 。 67（）
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