题目内容
We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of______.
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Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shah have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm？ Should we not rather encourage many other ways for serf-respecting people to work？ Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer？ Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work？
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form. of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future of work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to pay employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form. of work, young people and old people were excluded -- a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and re sources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full times jobs.
Recent opinion polls show that ______.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Interviewer: If you're going to create a TV show that deals week after week with things that are unbelievable, you need an actor who can play a believer, you know, a person who tends to believe everything. Tonight, in our show we have David Duchovny, who has starred in the popular TV series, The X-files. Thanks to his brilliant performance in the TV series, David has become one of the best known figures in the country. Good evening, David, I'm so glad to have you here.
David: It's my pleasure. Thanks for inviting me on the show.
Interviewer: David, have you often been on radio shows？
David: Oh, yes, quite often. To be frank, I love to be on the show.
Interviewer: Why ？
David: You know, I want to know what people think about the TV series, and about me—y acting, etc.
Interviewer: Ok, David, let's first talk about the character you played in The X-files. The character, whose name is Mulder, is supposed to be a believer. He deals with those unbelievable, weird and often bizarre things and events. He must be . .. I mean . . . Mulder, someone who really believes in the things he meets, in order to keep on probing into those mysteries.
David: That's true. Remember those words said by Mulder？ "What is so hard to believe？ ... Whose iutensity makes even the most skeptical viewer believe the paranormal and outrageous government conspiracies. With every reason to believe that life in the persistence of it is driving us out of our terrestrial sphere, etc. etc .... "
Interviewer: Fabulous! I guess, David, your contribution to the hit series is credibility. Now, let's talk about your personal experience. From what I road, I know that starting from your childhood, you were always a smart boy, went to the best private schools, accepted at most of the Ivy League colleges. Not bad for a lower middle class kid, from a broken family on New York's Lower East Side. So imagine mom's surprise when you, who were on your way to a doctorate at Yale, took a few acting cclasses and got bitten by the bug.
David: You bet. My mother was real surprised when I decided to give up all that in order to become an actor.
Interviewer: Sore. But talking about Mulder, the believer in The X files, what about you, David？ Do you believe it all in re al life: the aliens, people from outer space, you know, UFOs, government conspiracies, all the things that the TV series deal with？
David: Well, government conspiracies, I think, are a little far fetched because, I mean, it's very hard for me to keep a secret with a friend of mine, and you're gonna tell me that all entire government is gonna come together and hide the aliens from us？ I find that hard to believe. In terms of aliens, I think that tile odds are, there must be.
Interviewer: But you could believe in aliens？
David: Oh, yeah.
Interviewer: The character you played in The X-files, Fox Mulder, is so dark and moody. Are you dark and moody in life？
David: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this haunted and driven person but not behave in that way, and therefore be haunted and driven but also appear to be normal and not crazy at the same time. And I think that I could, I can, I can offer that.
Interviewer: What haunts you now？ What drives you now？
David: What drives me is failure and success and all those things, so ...
Interviewer: Where are you now？ Are you haunted and driven？ Failed or successful？ Which？
David: Yeah, both.
Interviewer: All of the above？
David: I always feel like a failure.
Interviewer: Do you mean now you feel like a failure？
David: Yeah, I mean,
Part C
Directions: Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.
Note：Answer each question by choosing A，B，C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1．Some choices may be required more than once．
A=Washington D.C. B= New York City C=Chicago D=Los Angeles
Which city…
is the headquarter of the Supreme Court？ 71．______
was discovered as early as 1524？ 72．______
has served as the capital of the country？ 73．______
is now the largest industrial city in the country？ 74．______
leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts？ 75．______
is the largest city？ 76．______
is the second largest city in population in U.S.A.？ 77．______
has become one of the world's busiest ports？ 78．______
covers an area of over 69 square miles？ 79．______
is now considered the center of industry，transportation，commerce and finance in the mid-west area？
80．______
A Washington D.C.
Washington，the capital of the United States，is in Washington D.C. and is situated on the Potomac River between the two states of Maryland and Virginia．The population of the city is about 800,000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles(including 8 square miles of water surface)．The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus，who discovered the continent．The city itself was named Washington after George Washington，the first president of U.S.A.
The building of the city was accomplished in 1800 and since that year，it has served as the capital of the country．Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there．In the War of 1812，the Britain army seized the city．burning the White House and many other buildings．
Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system：Congress，the Supreme Court and the Presidency．
Apart from the government buildings，there are also some other places of interest such as the Washington Monument，the Lincoln Memorial，the Jefferson Memorial，the Literary of the Congress and Mt．Vernon，home of George Washington．
B New York City
New York City．located in New York State, is the largest city and the chief port of the United States．The city of New York has a population of over 7 million(1970)and Metropolitan，12 million．
The city with its good harbor was discovered as early as 1524，and it was established by Dutch who named the city New Amsterdam．In 1664，the city was taken by the English and it got the name New York as it bears now．During the American Revolution in 1776，George Washington had his head-quarters for a time in New York City．The Declaration of Independence was first read there in July 4th，1776．The city re
To which of the following is the author likely to agree？
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