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试结合作品论述后印象主义画家塞尚为何被称之为“现代绘画之父”。

Part B (10 points)
Self-esteem is what people think about themselves — whether or not they feel valued — and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems or growing up.
Self-esteem fluctuates as kids grow. It's frequently changed and fine-tuned, because it is affected by a child's experiences and new perceptions.
A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise, making it easier to see a problem as temporary, manageable, and something from which the individual can emerge.
How can a parent help to foster healthy self-esteem in a child？ These tips can make a big difference:
41. Watch what you say
Kids are very sensitive to parents' words. Remember to praise your child not only for a job well done, but also for effort. Be truthful.
Be a positive role model.
If you're excessively harsh on yourself, pessimistic, or unrealistic about your abilities and limitations, your child may eventually mirror you. Nurture your own self-esteem, and your child will have a great role model.
42. Identify and redirect your child's inaccurate beliefs
It's important for parents to identify kids' irrational beliefs about themselves, whether they're about perfection, attractiveness, ability, or anything else. Helping kids set more accurate standards and be more realistic in evaluating themselves will help them have a healthy self-concept. Inaccurate perceptions of self can take root and become reality to kids.
43. Be spontaneous and affectionate
Your love will go a long way to boost your child's self-esteem. Give hugs and tell kids you're proud of them.
44. Create a safe, loving home environment
Kids who don't feel safe or are abused at home will suffer immensely from low self-esteem. A child who is exposed to parents who fight and argue repeatedly may become depressed and withdrawn.
45. Help kids become involved in constructive experiences
Activities that encourage cooperation rather than competition are especially helpful in fostering self-esteem.
Find professional help
If you suspect your child has low self-esteem, consider professional help. Family and child counselors can work to uncover underlying issues that prevent a child from feeling good about himself or herself.
Therapy can help kids learn to view themselves and the world positively. When kids see themselves in a more realistic light, they can accept who they truly are.
With a little help, every child can develop healthy self-esteem for a happier, more fulfilling life.
[A] Pop a note in your child's lunchbox that reads, "I think you're terrific!" Give praise frequently and honestly, without overdoing it. Kids can tell whether something comes from the heart.
[B] For example, mentoring programs in which an older child helps a younger one learn to read can do wonders for both kids.
[C] For example, if your child doesn't make the soccer team, avoid saying something like, "Well, next time you'll work harder and make it. " Instead, try "Well, you didn't make the team, but I'm really proud of the effort you put into it. " Reward effort and completion instead of outcome.
[D] A better statement is, "You were really mad at your brother. But I appreciate that you didn't yell at him or hit him." This acknowledges a child's feelings, rewards the choice made, and encourages the child to make the right choice again next time.
[E] For example, a child who does very well in school but struggles with math may say, "I can't do math. I'm a bad student." Not only is this a false generalization, it's also a belief that will set the child up for failure. Encourage kids to see the situation in its true light. A helpful response might be: "You are a good student. You do great in school. Math is just a subject that you need to spend more time on. We'll work on it together."
[F] Also watch for signs of abuse by others, problems in school, trouble with peers, and other factors that may affect kids' self-esteem. Deal with these issues sensitively but swiftly. And always remember to respect your kids.
[G] Children benefit from chores and activities that offer a real challenge because they stretch their abilities and give them a sense of accomplishment. Children as young as 18-month old can do chores around the house. It is best to start as early as possible so that children learn that chores are a part of life and so that they will struggle less when you ask them to do things.
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结合材料回答问题：
材料1
2011年伊始，历时1个月的“汉语盘点2010”活动揭晓，“涨”字排名第一，获选年度国内字。人们选“涨”，主要表达了对物价上涨的强烈感受：菜价涨、米价涨、油价涨……2010年以来，居民消费价格指数月度同比涨幅一路攀升，连续突破3％、4％、5％、6％，2011年6月达到了6．4％。“蒜你狠”、“豆你玩”、“姜你军”、“棉里针”、“糖高宗”……这些热词频繁见诸网络报端，反映了一部分农产品价格畸高，也折射出市场投机炒作的疯狂。以最先“蹿红”的大蒜为例，曾有媒体报道其批发价两年上涨了100倍。这种价格的疯涨，背离了价值规律，扭曲了市场供求关系。物价上涨牵动着百姓的心，物价问题不仅是经济问题，而且是影响全局的政治问题、社会问题。
摘自：《从怎么看到怎么办——理论热点面对面-2011》
材料2
本轮物价上涨在去年上半年初现端倪，自去年7月份突破3％的警戒线后，CPI一路快跑，11月份攀至5．1%，后虽有小幅回落，但今年1月份再度升至4．9%。政府工作报告中明确指出，“当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强”。稳定物价，已成为当前实施宏观经济政策的“风向标”。一些关注和研究经济运行规律的代表委员强调：若调控不当，不仅物价仍在高位运行，经济增速也可能掉头向下，形成“物价高企、经济低迷”的滞胀局面。稳定物价，更是关系百姓日常生活、影响社会稳定的大事。一桶油、一袋糖、一斤面，反映的是老百姓最直接最关心最现实的利益问题。特别是去年一些粮食、蔬菜等生活必需品价格“连级跳”，加大了低收入群众的生活压力。如此一来，就会制约投资和消费，造成经济运行机制紊乱，最终严重消减经济发展的内在动力。
摘编自：新华社《全力以赴稳物价抑制价格上涨势头》
材料3
2011年9月份居民消费价格主要数据
指标解释：居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)，简称CPI，是度量居民生活消费品和服务价格水平随着时间变动的相对数，综合反映居民购买的生活消费品和服务价格水平的变动情况。
摘自：国家统计局公布数据(2011年10月14日)
请回答：
(1)如何理解材料1“物价问题不仅是经济问题，而且是影响全局的政治问题、社会问题”？
(2)结合材料1、2，从理论上分析国家宏观调控的必要性。
(3)材料3说明了什么？根据我国当前的实际情况，分析政府应如何实施宏观调控政策？
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简答题：请简要回答下列问题
结合材料回答问题：
材料1
在资本主义时代，一方面是科技和生产力的发展；另一方面则是反人力量和人的退化的增长，科技、生产力的发展与人的发展表现出了极大的不一致性。
摘自：《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷
材料2
我们时代为其在人的理智发展中所取得的进步而自豪。对真理和知识的追求并为之奋斗，是人的最高品质之一，尽管把这种自豪感叹得最响的往往是那些努力最小的人。当然，我们一定要注意，切不可把理智奉为我们的上帝；它固然有强有力的身躯，但却没有人性。……理智对于方法和工具具有敏锐的眼光，但对于目的和价值却是盲目的。
我们这一时代的一大特征就是科学研究硕果累累，科研成果在技术应用中也取得了巨大成功。大家都为此感到欢欣鼓舞。但我们切莫忘记，仅凭知识和技术并不能给人类的生活带来幸福和尊严。人类完全有理由把高尚的道德标准和价值观的宣道士置于客观真理的发现者之上。
如果你们想使你们一生的工作有益于人类，那么你们只懂得应用科学本身是不够的，关心人的本身，应当始终成为一切技术上奋斗的主要目标；关心怎样组织人的劳动和产品分配这样一些未解决的重大问题，用以保证我们科学思想的成果会造福于人类，而不致成为祸害。
摘自：《爱因斯坦文集》第3卷
材料3
因为科学方法所能告诉我们的，不过是各种事实是怎样互相联系，互相制约的。而想要获得这种客观知识的志向，则是人们能有的一种最高尚的志向，你们一定会怀疑我要贬低人们在这个领域里的成就和英勇的斗争。但同样明白的是：关于“是什么”这类知识，并不能打开直接通向“应该是什么”的大门。人们可能有关于“是什么”的最明晰最完备的知识，但还不能由此导出我们人类所向往的目标应当是什么。客观知识为我们达到某些目的提供了有力的工具，但是终极目标本身和要达到它的渴望却必须来自另一个源泉。应当认为只有确立了这样的目标及其相应的价值，我们的生存和我们的生活才能获得意义，这一点几乎已经没有加以论证的必要。关于真理的知识本身是了不起的，可是它却很少能起到指导作用，它甚至不能证明向往这种真理知识的志向是正当的和有价值的。
摘自：《爱因斯坦文集》第3卷
请回答：
(1)结合材料1、2，说明为什么科技、生产力的发展与人的发展会表现出极大的不一致性？
(2)结合材料3，谈谈你对真理与价值的认识。
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