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简述资源负荷图的作用及特点。

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Section A
The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. (81) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (82) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (83) Whether to use tests or other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
(84) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. Properly used, .they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. (85) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
(81)

What could damage your iron if you do not clean it？

某法国旅游团中国之行的最后一站为广州，早8: 00时旅游团全体成员已在汽车上就坐准备离开饭店前往机场出境。地陪小李从饭店外匆匆赶来，上车后清点完人数，再向全陪了解了全团行李情况(全陪告诉小李全团行李一共28件，已与领队、饭店行李员交接过)。小李再次清点人数后，就请司机开车，随即讲了以下一段话：“女士们、先生们、早上好! 我们全团27人都已到齐。好，现在我们去机场。这次中国之行我们先后游览了西安、北京、上海、桂林及广州，大家玩得还尽兴吗？俗话说：天下没有不散的筵席，转眼间朋友们即将踏上归程，虽然我们相处时间不长，但彼此间已结下深厚的友谊。这一次我们是新知，下一次就应该是故友了。期盼各位能再次光临中国，再来我市旅游，届时也希望我能再次成为大家的导游。在此分别之际我为大家唱一支歌，歌名为《朋友》，愿我们永远是朋友!(唱歌)……女士们、先生们，机场到了。我因为马上要赶往海口市接另外一个旅游团，就先和大家告别了。现在请下车。”引导下车后，地陪与旅游团成员一一握手告别，便踏上旅游车赶往海口。

People use it to call others.