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What do you know about“power walking”from the passage？
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Smoking is very popular with people.【C1】______ of the smokers believe that smoking can【C2】______ their nerves hardened with social【C3】______ . Others are【C4】______ its stimulating effects. Blat they never think of the effects it【C5】______ have on other people's health【C6】______ on their own health. Cigarettes contain nicotine, a poisonous【C7】______ that has the effect of causing cancer, a dreadful and【C8】______ disease.【C9】______ that more than 90% of lung cancer【C10】______ are smokers. But if people【C11】______ from smoking, the threat of 【C12】______ will be greatly diminished.
【C13】______ , government authorities should【C14】______ an early campaign to educate people on the danger of smoking. The campaign should be【C15】______ by the Medicine and Health Department.
【C16】______ of the effects of smoking should be channeled【C17】______ some organizations so that the people could learn the danger of the habit.
The government should【C18】______ a law to prosecute smokers found smoking in public places.
It【C19】______ be good news for many people if smokers could be induced to stop smoking. That is, a ban on smoking should be【C19】______ .
【C1】
More than a year has passed since the space shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over central Texas. This past January President Bush announced a long-term program of space exploration that would return human beings to the Moon, and thereafter send them to Mars and beyond. As this magazine (Natural History) goes to press, the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, are wowing the scientists and engineers at the rovers' birthplace--NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)--with their skills as robotic field geologists. JPL's official rover Web site is being stampeded by visitors. The confluence of these and other events resurrects a perennial debate: with two shuttle failures out of 112 missions, and the astronomical expense of the manned space program, can sending people into space be justified, or should robots do the job alone？
Modern societies have been sending robots into space since 1957, and people since 1961. Fact is, it's vastly cheaper to send robots: in most cases, a fiftieth the cost of sending people. Robots don't much care how hot or cold space gets; give them the fight lubricants, and they'll operate in a vast range of temperatures. They don't need elaborate life-support systems, either. Robots can spend long periods of time moving around and among the planets, more or less unfazed by ionizing radiation. They do not lose bone mass from prolonged exposure to weightlessness, because, of course, they are boneless. You don't even have to feed them. Best of all, once they've finished their jobs, they won't complain if you don't bring them home.
But there's a flip side to this argument. Back in the late 1960s and early 1970s, in the days of NASA's manned Apollo flights to the Moon, no robot could decide which pebbles to pick up and bring home. But when the Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt, the only geologist to have walked on the Moon, noticed some odd, orange and black soil on the lunar surface, he immediately collected a sample. It turned out to be minute beads of volcanic glass. Today a robot can perform. staggering chemical analyses and transmit amazingly detailed images, but it still can't react, as Schmitt did, to a surprise. By contrast, packed inside the 150-pound mechanism of a field geologist are the capacities to walk, run, dig, hammer, see, communicate, interpret, and invent.
And of course when something goes wrong, an on-the-spot human being becomes a robot's best friend. After landing on Mars this past January 3, did the Spirit rover just roll right off its lander platform. and start checking out the neighborhood？ No, its air-bags were blocking the path. Not until January 15 did Spirit's remote controllers man-age to get all six of its wheels rolling on Martian soil. Anyone on the scene on January 3 could have just lifted the airbags out of the way and given Spirit a little shove.
The word "stampeded" (Line 7, Para. ) most probably means ______ .
The statement "an 800-pound gorilla" (Line 5, Para. 2) implies that ______ .
What's the right activity for me？
Whoever you are, there's an activity for you. And just as getting fitter doesn't have to mean pushing yourself to the limits of your endurance, you don't have to be technically brilliant at a particular sport to derive pleasure and health benefits from it.
Some people hold back from getting fit because they feel self-conscious about their ability or body and want to find an activity they can do on their own, but organized classes and sports clubs can provide you with support and motivation, as well as a chance to make new friends.
If you're interested in football, hockey or other team sports, for example, many local clubs will have several teams of varying abilities, while there are plenty of aerobics(有氧健身) or yoga classes specifically designed to cater for beginners.
You're never too old to learn to swim, or you can take classes to improve your technique if that's what's holding you back.
But many activities can be done by yourself, and require neither technical expertise nor much in the way of equipment or expens just your willingness to give it a go.
Here are some of the best, easiest and most popular ways to start getting fit, as well as some suggestions for alternatives, that get you started or put you in touch with a local club.
Walking
Most of us walk at some point each day but we do it far less than we used to. The government calculates there's been a decline of more than 20 percent in the number of miles walked since the mid-1980s.
But walking is the simplest and cheapest of all exercises, and making it a regular activity and focusing on the intensity or distance covered can greatly iflcrease your fitness.
Walking improves the condition of your heart and lungs and works the muscles of the lower body. It's a weight-bearing activity, so it may improve bone density, yet it's also low impact, putting less stress on the joints than some other forms of exercise.
Aside from the health benefits of walking, some of the country's most beautiful scenery can only be accessed on foot, so if you don't try walking, think what you're denying yourself. If you're a novice, go in groups or as part of an organized outing via a ramblers club.
Walking up hills expends more energy even walking down again uses more energy than walking on the flat, but if you don't think you're ready for the hills yet. boost your fitness by walking just about anywhere.
You could try power walking in the park. For example：the idea is to walk at such a fast pace that it would actually be easier to brcak into a run. You burn more calories walking at this speed than you would running at the same pace.
Running/jogging
Running might just be the ultimate way to get fit：it's cheap, can be done anywhere, at any time and, most importantly, is very effective. There's really no difference between running and jogging, although jogging is often used to describe running at a slow pace. Whatever you call it, all you need is a good pair of running shoes and a little enthusiasm.
As long as you're healthy and take it easy to start with, anyone can run. If you have a history of certain diseases like chest pain. high blood pressure, or have had recent surgery or are pregnant, consult a doctor first. As a high-impact activity, running may maintain or increase bone density. But it can also put more stress on your joints than lower impact activities such as walking and cycling, especially if you're overweight. Again, if you're concerned, consult your doctor.
As with all exercise, you must warm up first. Start by walking at a brisk pace, then gradually break into a slow jog. Run at a pace at which you can still hold a conversation, but which definitely feels harder than walking. If you're getting too bre
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